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Bio 252 > Oct. 21, 2019 > Flashcards

Oct. 21, 2019 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the literal definition of the word SUBENDOCARDIAL (break it up)

A

SUB - under

ENDOCARDIAL - cardiac wall

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2
Q

In a SUBENDO, is it a DISTAL or PROXIMAL OCCLUSION?

A

DISTAL OCCLU

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3
Q

What BVs does a DISTAL OCCLUSION affect?

A

The smaller BVs

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4
Q

What portion of the HEART’S wall does SUBENDOCARDIAL MI affect?

A

The inner 1/3 - 1/2 of the wall

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5
Q

T or F:

SUBENDOCARDIAL is STEMI

A

F, it is NSTEMI

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6
Q

Is the ST elevated or depressed in a SUBENDOCARDIAL MI?

A

Depressed

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7
Q

4 MNFTS of SUBENDOCARDIAL MI:

A

1) Acute, severe, radiating chest pain
2) Tachycardia
3) Nausea and vomiting
4) Anxiety

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8
Q

Why is tachycardia associated with MI?

A

Whenever there is HYPOXIA, the NS will detect this and inc the HR in an attempt to oxygenate the tissue

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9
Q

Why can nausea and vomiting occur from extreme pain?

A

Simply put, the vomit center in the brain is located close to the pain center so action potentials may affect both

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10
Q

Who usually presents MNFTs for an MI atypically?

A

Women, more likely to have an absence of pain or back pain

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11
Q

Important diagnostics for MI:

A

1) ECG
2) ANGIOGRAM
3) SERUM MARKERS

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12
Q

What will an ECG detect?

A

This will monitor the waves of the heart:

  • ST elevation/depression
  • T inversion
  • no R wave (are ventricles contracting?)
  • Abn Q wave
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13
Q

What is the main purpose of an ANGIOGRAM?

A

To track the flow of B by injecting dye into the coronary BVs and checking for disrupted flow

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14
Q

What are the pros and cons of an ANGIOGRAM?

A

Pro - An extremely valuable diagnostic tool for occlusions

Con - Invasive

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15
Q

Tx for SUBENDOCARDIAL MI

A
  • Thrombolytic
  • Anticoag
  • Antiarryth
  • Morphine PRN
  • O2
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16
Q

What 3 drugs would you give post-stabilization and why?

A

1) IV diuretic - Dec B vol, therefore dec workload for heart
2) NEGATIVE INOTROP - Dec contractility of the heart, therefore dec workload
3) VASODIL - to make B passage through BVs easier (?)

17
Q

What are 3 examples of revascularization Sx that may be used to prevent MI?

A

1) Inserting a STENT (metal mesh to open vessel)
2) ELUTING STENT ( “ but it releases meds)
3) BYPASS (take vein and create new vessel to bypass the occluded one

18
Q

In a simple statement, what is CARDIOMYOPATHY?

A

Defective cardiac muscle

19
Q

What are the distinguishing factors that are used to identify which type of CARDIOMYOPATHY a pt has?

A

Size, shape, Fx of HEART and it’s muscles

20
Q

What are the 3 types of CARDIMYOPATHY?

A

1) HYPERTROPHIC
2) DILATED aka CONGESTED
3) RESTRICTIVE

21
Q

What happens to the HEART walls in HYPERTRO? How does this affect Fx?

A

HEART muscle in walls get much thicker, this results in smaller chambers that are unable to properly fill or empty

22
Q

How does a thickened septum affect the AORTA?

A

It will impede B flow to the AORTA

23
Q

T or F:

In most cases HYPERTRO is AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

A

F, in most cases it is idiopathic, 50% AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

24
Q

Are most HYPERTROs symptomatic or asymtomatic?

A

Asymptomatic w a normal systolic Fx

25
Q

What are some symptoms/mnfts that may manifest w HYPERTRO?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • ANGINA
  • Syncope
  • PALPITATIONS
  • Sudden death
26
Q

What is the relationship between HYPOXIA and dyspnea?

A

Whenever there is HYPOXIA, it is almost always accompanied by dyspnea

27
Q

Tx for HYPERTRO:

A
  • Negative INOTROPE
  • Sx
  • Chemical ABLATION
28
Q

What is chemical ABLATION?

A

Uses chemicals to get rid of excess tissue in the HEART

29
Q

Characteristics of CONGESTED CARDIOMYOPATHY

A
  • All of HEART is enlarged (atria, vents, etc)

- Dec recoil

30
Q

How does dec recoil contribute to CONGESTED CARDIMYOPATHY

A

Dec recoil = inadeq ability to empty chambers = pooling of B in chambers

31
Q

T or F:

CONGEST is an idiopathic disease

A

F, it is a GENETIC disease

32
Q

What other factors might contribute to CONGEST?

A
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Viral infct
  • Drugs
33
Q

MNFTs of CONGEST?

A
  • Poor contractility = dec EF

- Cardiac failure

34
Q

What would be ideal pharma interventions for CONGEST?

A
  • DIURETICS (dec B vol = dec workload)

- Beta blockers (neg INOTROPE = dec contractility = dec workload)

35
Q

What is the most uncommon form of CARDIOMYOPATHY?

A

RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY

36
Q

Explain RESTRICTIVE:

A
  • dec elasticity and inc rigidity = inadeq filling = dec CO = CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Bio 252 (24 decks)

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