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Bio 252 > Sept. 16, 2019 > Flashcards

Sept. 16, 2019 Flashcards

Local mnfts, exudates, systemic mnfts, pathogenesis of fever, CRP, Tx of inflm, Abn IR

1
Q

Characteristics of LOCAL MNFTS

A

Present at site of INJURY (ERYTHEMA, HYPEREMIA, warmth, swelling, pain, l/o Fx

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2
Q

What is EXUDATE composed of?

A

CELLS, PROTEINS, FLUID

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3
Q

What factors may effect the composition of an EXUDATE?

A

Severity and type of INJURY

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4
Q

What is one major difference between PLASMA and SERUM?

A

PLASMA contains CLOTTING FACTORS, SERUM does not

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5
Q

2 characteristics of SEROUS EXUDATE

A

1) Clear

2) Watery

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6
Q

Why might SEROUS EXUDATE be more watery than other EXUDATES?

A

Because it contains more FLUID than CELLS and PROTEINS

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7
Q

Is an INJURY that produces a SEROUS EXUDATE considered mild, moderate, or severe? Explain

A

Mild. If the EXUDATE is SEROUS, it contains more FLUID than CELLS and PROTEINS, this occurs in a mild INJURY because there is less demand for CELLS and PROTEINS, which would include more LEUKOCYTES for repair.

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8
Q

2 characteristics of PURULENT/SUPPERATIVE EXUDATE

A

1) Cloudy

2) Foul odor

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9
Q

What is PURULENT EXUDATE composed of?

A

WBCs, PROTEINS, and NECROTIC DEBRIS

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10
Q

Why is PURULENT EXUDATE thicker than SEROUS?

A

Because the NECROTIC DEBRIS is a more solid form of FLUID than the FLUID excreted in a SEROUS EXUDATE

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11
Q

What is a more common name for NECROTIC DEBRIS?

A

Pus

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12
Q

What likely conclusion can be drawn from the presence of PURULENT EXUDATE?

A

There is likely a bacterial infct

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13
Q

What would result in a HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATE? IS this a mild, moderate, or severe INJURY?

A

Severed BVs, lots of RBCs present.

Severe

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14
Q

What is a MEMBRANOUS EXUDATE?

A

NECROTIC CELLS enmeshed in FIBROPURULENT EXUDATE

This only appears to be in a membrane = PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS

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15
Q

What is formed by FIBRINOUS EXUDATE? Why is it formed?

A

Forms a sticky mesh d/t inc amounts of FIBRINOGEN

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16
Q

Are SYSTEMIC MNFTs specific or non-specific? Why might this be more or less helpful?

A

Non-specific. Less helpful because non-specific mnfts provide less info about the INJURY (where, what, why)

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17
Q

Give 4 examples of SYSTEMIC mnfts

A

1) Headache
2) Malaise
3) Fatigue
4) Fever

18
Q

Is fever a deliberate response?

A

No, it is a side-effect of something

19
Q

2 benefits of fever

A

1) Inhibits growth and reproduction of PATHOGENS

2) Enhances PHAGOCYTOSIS and IR

20
Q

What causes fever?

A

PYROGENS

21
Q

How are PYROGENS brought into/released in the body?

A

Released by BACTERIA

22
Q

Are PYROGENS ENDOGENOUS or EXOGENOUS? Explain

A

EXOGENOUS although they are released in the body, the BACTERIA they are released by come from outside the body

23
Q

What would characterize an ENDOGENOUS substance?

A

ENDOGENOUS substances come from inside the body, or own CELLS

24
Q

2 kinds of ENDOGENOUS substances

A

1) INTERLEUKIN (IL)

2) TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF)

25
Q

What is the role of PG in the PATHOGENESIS of fever?

A

PGE2 binds to receptors in the HYPOTHALAMUS to adjust body temp. This is done with the aid of cAMP

26
Q

Where is C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) synthesized?

A

In the LIVER

27
Q

What is CRP and when is it produced?

A

CRP is a hepatic PROTEIN produced during INFLM

28
Q

Is CRP a deliberate response to INFLM?

A

Yes

29
Q

What is the purpose of CRP?

A

To aid COMPLEMENT in defence

30
Q

Is CRP a specific or non-specific response?

A

Non-specific

31
Q

How might CRP levels differentiate d/t ATHERSCLEROSIS?

A

Levels will inc

32
Q

CHRONIC elevation of CRP is associated with…

A

…VASCULAR damage

33
Q

How does applying cold help treat INFLM?

A

Cold = VASOCON = dec B flow = dec HYPEREMIA and ERYTHEMA = dec PERM = dec EXUDATE in IF = dec swelling = dec pain

34
Q

How does elevation help treat INFLM?

A

Elevation = dec B flow = dec HYPEREMIA and ERYTHEMA = dec PERM = dec EXUDATE in IF = dec swelling = dec pain

35
Q

How does pressure help treat INFLM?

A

Pressure = dec B flow = dec HYPEREMIA and ERYTHEMA = dec PERM = dec EXUDATE in IF = dec swelling = dec pain

36
Q

Why is it beneficial to apply heat a few hours later?

A

To enhance PHAGOCYTOSIS/IR and VASODIL to bring more nutrients for repair

37
Q

What are NSAIDs? Give example

A

NON-STEROIDAL drugs, eg Ibuprofin

38
Q

How do NSAIDs aid in pain reduction?

A

Dec synthesis of PG = dec pain

39
Q

What are some negative things about STEROIDAL anti-inflm drugs?

A
  • Cannot be used long term w/out side effects

- Cannot use in high doses

40
Q

How do STEROIDAL drugs aid in pain reduction?

A

Dec perm = dec EXUDATE = dec swelling = dec pain

41
Q

What are 2 other things STEROIDAL drugs inhibit?

A

1) MEDIATOR release

2) WBCs and MAST CELLS at site

Bio 252 (24 decks)

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