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Bio 252 > Oct. 23, 2019 > Flashcards

Oct. 23, 2019 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ARRHYTHMIA?

A

Abn impulse propagation

- alt. HR or rhythm

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2
Q

Can ARRHYs occur in a normal HEART?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What affect do ARRHYs have on the CARDIAC CYCLE

A

They disrupt it

- CO and perfusion affected

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4
Q

Is this CONGENITAL?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What are electrical charges dictated by?

A

Ions, potassium

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6
Q

Can ELECTROLYTES affect ARRHYs?

A

Yes, imbalances cause ARRHYs

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7
Q

What kinds of drugs cause ARRHYs?

A

Stimulants

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8
Q

Does MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA contribute to ARRHYs?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is ATRIAL FLUTTER?

A

Regular A+V tachycardia (300:150 bpm, ratio is roughly 1

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10
Q

What Dx is used to diagnose ATRIAL FLUTTER?

A

ECG

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11
Q

What is ATRIAL FIBRILLATION?

A

Irreg, non Fx contractions of A (300-600 bpm)

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12
Q

Is a HEART BLOCK referring to an occlusion?

A

No, it is referring to ELECTRICAL activity

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13
Q

Is there still an impulse in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION?

A

No, no impulse from A-V

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14
Q

What is 1st deg HEART BLOCK?

A

There is reg conduction, but it is delayed

- Longer PR

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15
Q

What is 2nd deg HEART BLOCK?

A

Intermittent l/o Fx

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16
Q

What is 3rd deg HEART BLOCK?

A

No conduction

- Independent A+V contraction

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17
Q

What is VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION?

A

The HEART is shaking/quivering, no contractions

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18
Q

How is CO affected by V FIB?

A

There is no CO

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19
Q

What is ASYSTOLE?

A

Flat lining, can be fatal in minutes

20
Q

What Dx is used for V FIB?

21
Q

What is DEFIBRILLATION?

A

Do not refer to it as a “shock”
It is the stopping of fibrillation of the heart by administering a controlled electric shock in order to allow restoration of the normal rhythm

22
Q

Txs for V FIB:

5

A
  • DEFIBRILLATION
  • Drugs
  • Pacemakers
  • Ablation
  • Cardioversion
23
Q

What type of drugs would you use to treat V FIB?

A

Class 1 - Block fast Ns channels
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4

24
Q

What is ARRHYTHMOGENIC tissue?

A

Describes the tissue infarcted

25
How is ARRHYMOGENIC tissue removed?
Through ABLATION
26
What happens with VALVULAR DISEASE?
The valves in the HEART are damaged
27
What role do the valves play in the HEART?
Ensure unidirectional flow
28
Define REGURGITATION:
Backwards flow of blood
29
What can cause REGURGITATION?
If valves become either PROLAPSED or STENOTIC
30
How would you describe a PROLAPSED valve in simple terms?
"Floppy"
31
Why are PROLAPSED valves a negative thing?
Because they do not properly close, therefore allowing B to flow backwards improper closure = REGURG = flow affected = inc workload
32
How would you describe a STENOTIC valve in simple terms?
"hardened/stiff"
33
Why are STENOTIC valves a negative thing?
They become difficult to open = impeded/difficult flow = inc workload
34
Which vessels are most commonly affected by VALVULAR DISEASE? Why?
The MITRAL and AORTIC valves because these are areas of highest pressure flow
35
4 things that may cause VALVULAR DISEASE:
1) Valve trauma or inflm 2) ISCHEMIA 3) Degenerative changes 4) CONGENITAL defects
36
Where can ISCHEMIA happen?
Anywhere in the HEART that require B flow, even valves
37
What are the Tx options for VALVULAR DISEASE?
- Drugs to maintain/improve Fx | - Sx?
38
How can infct occur in the HEART?
For infct to occur in the HEART, microorganisms must first enter and survive circulation until they reach the HEART - not easy
39
What is INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS?
ENDOCARDIAL and VALVULAR inflm
40
T or F: | The cause of INFCT ENDOCAR is *usually* viral
F, it is *usually* bacterial
41
2 requirements for infct in the HEART:
1) Bacteria must enter and survive in circ | 2) They must have an intra-cardiac adherence surface
42
What do bacteria do once in the HEART?
They establish and proliferate (PLATELETS and FIBRIN)
43
T or F: | PLATELETS help to conceal bacteria
T
44
What are the mnfts of INFCT ENDOCAR?
- The mnfts of INFCT (systemic and local) - The mnfts of impaied valve Fx - HEART murmur (swish swish bish;)) - Possible DISTAL EMBOLISM from THROMBUS or bacterial colony
45
Is the diagnosing of INFCT ENDOCAR simple?
No, tis difficult
46
6 Dx tests to help determine:
1) Hx 2) Echo 3) C+S of blood 4) Serology 5) CRP 6) General labs

Bio 252 (24 decks)

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