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Bio 252 > Oct. 23, 2019 > Flashcards

Oct. 23, 2019 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an ARRHYTHMIA?

A

Abn impulse propagation

- alt. HR or rhythm

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2
Q

Can ARRHYs occur in a normal HEART?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What affect do ARRHYs have on the CARDIAC CYCLE

A

They disrupt it

- CO and perfusion affected

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4
Q

Is this CONGENITAL?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What are electrical charges dictated by?

A

Ions, potassium

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6
Q

Can ELECTROLYTES affect ARRHYs?

A

Yes, imbalances cause ARRHYs

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7
Q

What kinds of drugs cause ARRHYs?

A

Stimulants

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8
Q

Does MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA contribute to ARRHYs?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is ATRIAL FLUTTER?

A

Regular A+V tachycardia (300:150 bpm, ratio is roughly 1

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10
Q

What Dx is used to diagnose ATRIAL FLUTTER?

A

ECG

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11
Q

What is ATRIAL FIBRILLATION?

A

Irreg, non Fx contractions of A (300-600 bpm)

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12
Q

Is a HEART BLOCK referring to an occlusion?

A

No, it is referring to ELECTRICAL activity

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13
Q

Is there still an impulse in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION?

A

No, no impulse from A-V

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14
Q

What is 1st deg HEART BLOCK?

A

There is reg conduction, but it is delayed

- Longer PR

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15
Q

What is 2nd deg HEART BLOCK?

A

Intermittent l/o Fx

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16
Q

What is 3rd deg HEART BLOCK?

A

No conduction

- Independent A+V contraction

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17
Q

What is VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION?

A

The HEART is shaking/quivering, no contractions

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18
Q

How is CO affected by V FIB?

A

There is no CO

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19
Q

What is ASYSTOLE?

A

Flat lining, can be fatal in minutes

20
Q

What Dx is used for V FIB?

A

ECG

21
Q

What is DEFIBRILLATION?

A

Do not refer to it as a “shock”
It is the stopping of fibrillation of the heart by administering a controlled electric shock in order to allow restoration of the normal rhythm

22
Q

Txs for V FIB:

5

A
  • DEFIBRILLATION
  • Drugs
  • Pacemakers
  • Ablation
  • Cardioversion
23
Q

What type of drugs would you use to treat V FIB?

A

Class 1 - Block fast Ns channels
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4

24
Q

What is ARRHYTHMOGENIC tissue?

A

Describes the tissue infarcted

25
Q

How is ARRHYMOGENIC tissue removed?

A

Through ABLATION

26
Q

What happens with VALVULAR DISEASE?

A

The valves in the HEART are damaged

27
Q

What role do the valves play in the HEART?

A

Ensure unidirectional flow

28
Q

Define REGURGITATION:

A

Backwards flow of blood

29
Q

What can cause REGURGITATION?

A

If valves become either PROLAPSED or STENOTIC

30
Q

How would you describe a PROLAPSED valve in simple terms?

A

“Floppy”

31
Q

Why are PROLAPSED valves a negative thing?

A

Because they do not properly close, therefore allowing B to flow backwards
improper closure = REGURG = flow affected = inc workload

32
Q

How would you describe a STENOTIC valve in simple terms?

A

“hardened/stiff”

33
Q

Why are STENOTIC valves a negative thing?

A

They become difficult to open = impeded/difficult flow = inc workload

34
Q

Which vessels are most commonly affected by VALVULAR DISEASE? Why?

A

The MITRAL and AORTIC valves because these are areas of highest pressure flow

35
Q

4 things that may cause VALVULAR DISEASE:

A

1) Valve trauma or inflm
2) ISCHEMIA
3) Degenerative changes
4) CONGENITAL defects

36
Q

Where can ISCHEMIA happen?

A

Anywhere in the HEART that require B flow, even valves

37
Q

What are the Tx options for VALVULAR DISEASE?

A
  • Drugs to maintain/improve Fx

- Sx?

38
Q

How can infct occur in the HEART?

A

For infct to occur in the HEART, microorganisms must first enter and survive circulation until they reach the HEART - not easy

39
Q

What is INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS?

A

ENDOCARDIAL and VALVULAR inflm

40
Q

T or F:

The cause of INFCT ENDOCAR is usually viral

A

F, it is usually bacterial

41
Q

2 requirements for infct in the HEART:

A

1) Bacteria must enter and survive in circ

2) They must have an intra-cardiac adherence surface

42
Q

What do bacteria do once in the HEART?

A

They establish and proliferate (PLATELETS and FIBRIN)

43
Q

T or F:

PLATELETS help to conceal bacteria

A

T

44
Q

What are the mnfts of INFCT ENDOCAR?

A
  • The mnfts of INFCT (systemic and local)
  • The mnfts of impaied valve Fx
  • HEART murmur (swish swish bish;))
  • Possible DISTAL EMBOLISM from THROMBUS or bacterial colony
45
Q

Is the diagnosing of INFCT ENDOCAR simple?

A

No, tis difficult

46
Q

6 Dx tests to help determine:

A

1) Hx
2) Echo
3) C+S of blood
4) Serology
5) CRP
6) General labs

Bio 252 (24 decks)

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