Sept. 18, 2019

Question 1

What is HYPERSENSITIVITY?

Answer 1

An inappropriate/exaggerated IR

Question 2

T or F:

It is good to have a HYPERSENSITIVE or exaggerated IR

Answer 2

F

Appearing in excess is bad

Question 3

What ANTIBODY is involved in a TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY reaction?

Answer 3

IgE (IMMUNOGLOBULIN E)

Question 4

TYPE 1 is a ______ form of HYPERSENSITIVITY.

Answer 4

common

Question 5

A HYPERSENSITIVE reaction occurs d/t what?

Answer 5

An ALLERGEN

Question 6

Is TYPE 1 ACUTE or CHRONIC?

Answer 6

ACUTE, rapid onset; w/in minutes

Question 7

Explain what happens during the first contact between an ALLERGEN and a MAST CELL

Answer 7

• T-HELPER-2 CYTOKINES are produced
• B-CELLS are stimulated
• PLASMA CELL formation
• IgE production
• IgE attaches to and sensitizes MAST CELL

Question 8

Explain what happens during second contact between and ALLERGEN and a MAST CELL

Answer 8

• ALLERGEN binds to IgE on surface of MAST CELL
• INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS are released
• INFLAMMATION occurs
• EYTHEMA, PRURITUS, swelling, etc.

Question 9

Define SHOCK

Answer 9

ACUTE HYPOPERFUSION d/t CARDIOVASCULAR failure, resulting in HYPOXIA

Question 10

When does ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK occur?

Answer 10

Following severe allergic reaction

Question 11

Explain what happens during ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCk after an ALLERGEN is introduced to the body

Answer 11

• ALLERGEN binds to IgE on surface of MAST CELL
• MEDIATORS are released
• Extreme SYSTEMIC VASODIL
• Large inc in CAPILLARY PERMB

Question 12

Why is B volume dec during ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK?

Answer 12

Because excess amounts of FLUID are lost due to the inc of CAP PERMB

Question 13

What causes low BP during ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK?

Answer 13

Low BP is d/t SYSTEMIC VASODIL which dec resistance

Question 14

Where can EDEMA be found during ANAPLHYLACTIC SHOCK>

Answer 14

Everywhere

Question 15

What causes SEPTIC SHOCK?

Answer 15

Severe INFECTION

Question 16

What kind of antibody can be found during TYPE 2 HYPERSENSITIVITY reaction?

Answer 16

IgG or IgM

Question 17

TYPE 2 HYPERSENSITIVITY reaction can also be referred to as a _________ or _____ _______ reaction

Answer 17

CYTOTOXIC, TISSUE SPECIFIC

Question 18

Does TYPE 2 occur in response to ENDOGENOUS or EXOGENOUS ANTIGENS

Answer 18

Both

Question 19

What is an example of a TYPE 2 HYPERSENSITIVE reaction?

Answer 19

Incompatible B transfusion

Question 20

What kind of HYPERSENSITIVITY reaction is TYPE 3?

Answer 20

IMMUNE COMPLEX HYPERSENSITIVITY

Question 21

Ag + Ab = ?

Answer 21

AgAb aka the IMMUNE COMPLEX

Question 22

WHat happens if the IMMUNE COMPLEX is not removed?

Answer 22

It deposits in tissues, often the ENDOTHELIUM

Question 23

Why is there tissue damage in TYPE 3 reactions?

Answer 23

Because COMPLEMENT is activated, resulting in INFLAMMATION and there is ALWAYS tissue damage w INFLM

Question 24

What makes TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY different from the rest?

Answer 24

It is CELL mediated as opposed to ANTIBODY mediated

Question 25

Explain the process leading up to INFLM in TYPE 4 reactions

Answer 25

• MACROPHAGE presents Ag to T-CELL
• T-CELL is sensitized to Ag
• CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS are activated
• destroy the Ag-bearing CELL
• INFLM and tissue damage

Question 26

How many types of TYPE 4 reactions are there? What are they?

Answer 26

2, DIRECT and INDIRECT

Question 27

What CELL is required for INDIRECT TYPE 4 reactions?

Answer 27

LYMPHOKINES

Question 28

What is AUTOIMMUNITY?

Answer 28

When IMMUNE SYSTEM loses the ability to differentiate foreign CELLS from it’s own, it will target it’s own CELLS and Ags

Question 29

What are 3 reasons that self-tolerance may be lost?

Answer 29

1) MOLECULAR MIMICRY
2) Abn T-CELL Fx
3) Exposure of sequestered Ags

Question 30

Why might MOLECULAR MIMICRY result in AUTOIMMUNITY?

Answer 30

If the EPITOPE on a foreign CELL is similar to an EPITOPE on a self-CELL, this may confuse the IMMUNE SYS and result in AUTOIMMUNITY

Question 31

Why might abn T-CELL Fx result in AUTOIMMUNITY?

Answer 31

In a normal IMMUNE RESPONSE, T-CELLS create CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS to destroy the foreign Ags, after destruction is complete, T-CELLS must be suppressed, if not, they will continue to destroy CELLS, even if they are self-CELLS.

Question 32

Why might exposure of sequestered CELLS result in AUTOIMMUNITY?

Answer 32

If CELLS were sequestered (hidden) at birth, and are exposed later in life as a result of injry or disease, they will be identified as foreign CELLS because the IMMUNE SYS was not “introduced” to them until much later in life. They will be destroyed as if they were foreign CELLS.