Oct. 9, 2019 Flashcards
What is an ANEURYSM?
A localized dilation of an ARTERY not VASODIL
Why is age a risk factor for developing an ANEURYSM?
As person ages there is degenerative tissue change in vessel walls
Which VESSELS are most commonly affected by ANEURYSMS?
- THORACIC and ABDOM AORTA
- FEMORAL A
- ILIAC As
- POPLITEAL A
What are risk factors for developing an ANEURYSM?
- ATHERO
- Uncontrolled HTN
- CONGENITAL DEFECTS
Why is ATHERO a risk factor?
Causes changes and weakens wall
Why is uncontrolled HTN a risk factor?
Causes heightened pressure against A walls
Why are CONGENITAL DEFECTS a risk factor?
May have weaker BVs d/t developmental issues
Where are ANEURYSMS most commonly found on a V?
In an area where Vs bind or divide
What are the 2 types of ANEURYSMS?
TRUE and FALSE
What are the characteristics of a TRUE ANEURYSM?
- Intact V wall
- There is a greater than 50% inc in diameter
What are the characteristics of a FALSE ANEURYSM?
- Compromised wall
Name 3 forms of ANEURYSMS
1) FUSIFORM
2) SACCULAR
3) DISSECTING
How could you identify an ANEURYSM as FUSIFORM?
If it is equal bilaterally
What causes a DISSECTING ANEURYSM?
Damage to the ENDOTHELIUM causes bleeding into the surrounding tissues and causes an ANEURYSM
What is a defining characteristic of a SACCULAR ANEURYSM?
It is UNILATERAL
What is the most severe COMPLICATION of an ANEURYSM?
Rupture, which causes hemorrhaging
Give 3 COMPLICATIONS of ANEURYSMS
1) Pressure on surrounding structures (this is especially troublesome when pressing against NERVES or BVs)
2) THROMBOSIS
3) DISTAL EMBOLISM
What is the Tx of ANEURYSM?
Sx
Why is a BERRY ANEURYSM referred to as such?
Because it is round and resembles a berry
What are 4 types of CORONARY A DISEASE?
- ACS
- CHRONIC ISCHEMIC SYNDROME
- NSTEMI
- STEMI
T or F:
CAD only involves the CORONARY A?
F, it involves all As that contribute to CARDIAC circulation
What does ACS stand for?
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
What are characteristics of ACS?
- Unstable ANGINA
- MI
What causes UNSTABLE ANGINA?
Inadequate B flow, may be as a result of plaque in the A, constant pain whether resting or on exertion
What are characteristics of CHRONIC ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE?
- STABLE ANGINA
- VARIANT ANGINA
- MICROVASCULAR ANGINA
- SILENT MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
Explain STABLE ANGINA
No pain during rest, pain felt during exertion
What does MICROVASCULAR ANGINA affect?
The smaller branches of CARDIAC Vs
Explain NSTEMI
ST SEGMENT is not elevated
Explain STEMI
ST SEGMENT is elevated
