Sept 21

Question 1

what NT is decreased in alzhemiers disease

Answer 1

Ach

Question 2

what is an acetylcholinesterase drug that is used to treat Ach

Answer 2

Donepizil

Question 3

what is the osculatory finding that indicates a high regurgitant volume in mitral regurg with left ventricle overload

Answer 3

left sided S3 gallop

Question 4

mid systolic click is heard in

Answer 4

mitral valve prolapse

Question 5

what is seen in inspiraiton

Answer 5

increase in venous return to the right heart and decrease venous return to left heart

Question 6

what murmurs increase with inspiration

Answer 6

right sided

Question 7

what murmurs decrease with insipration

Answer 7

left sided

Question 8

what is seen with valsalva

Answer 8

decrease preload

decrease after load

Question 9

what murmurs increase with valsalva

Answer 9

MVP
HCM
(decrease left ventricular volume)

Question 10

what is seen with abrupt standing

Answer 10

decrease preload and afterload

Question 11

what murmur increases with abrupt standing

Answer 11

MVP and HCM

Question 12

wat is seen with squatting

Answer 12

increase preload and aferload

Question 13

what murmur is increased in squatting

Answer 13

everything but MVP and HCM

Question 14

what is seen on passive leg raise

Answer 14

increased preload

Question 15

what murmur is increased in passive leg raise

Answer 15

everything but MVP and HCM

Question 16

what is seen with handgrip

Answer 16

increased after load

Question 17

what murmur increases with hadngrip

Answer 17

AR
MR
VSD

Question 18

what murmur decreases with hand grip

Answer 18

HCM and AS

Question 19

what increase bile acid concentration which promotes gall stone dissolution by improving the solubility of cholesterol

Answer 19

hydrophilic bile acids (ursodeoxycholic acid)

Question 20

a 3.0 Hz spike wave complex superimposed on normal background is seen in

Answer 20

Absence sezurei

Question 21

tx for absence seizure

Answer 21

ethosuxomide and sodium valproate

Question 22

tx for generalizes tonic clonic seizure

Answer 22

phenobarbital and carbamazepine

Question 23

tx for complex partial seizures

Answer 23

carbamazepine

Question 24

what will be increased in the amniotic fluid of someone with a neural tube defect

Answer 24

Acetylcholinesterase and AFP

Question 25

Amino glycosides inhibit what two things

Answer 25

mRNA genetic code reading and protein synthesis

Question 26

vancomycin inhibits?

Answer 26

cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 27

What does Daptomycin do

Answer 27

it disrupts the bacterial cell membrane and causes intracellular leakage

Question 28

UDE of daptomycin

Answer 28

myopathy and rhabdomyolysis

Question 29

cystic and solid tumor in the cerebellum of a child

Answer 29

pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 30

cytokines responsible for granuloma formation

Answer 30

Il-12 : stimulates TH1 cells IFN-y: produced by TH1 and stimulates macrophages TNF-a: stimulated by machrophages

Question 31

what does C3a do

Answer 31

it is an anaphylatoxin that stimulates histamine release from mast cells

Question 32

What does IL-4 do

Answer 32

stimulates TH2 cells and isotope switching to IgE

Question 33

what does IL-5 do

Answer 33

stimulates eosinophils and causes switching to IgA

Question 34

bone matrix formation problem is seen in

Answer 34

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 35

bone mineralization problem seen in

Answer 35

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 36

damage to eat cause Wallenburg Syndrome ( Lateral Medullary Syndrome)

Answer 36

posterior cerebellar artery that can also be damged by cutting of the vertebral artery in a cervical spine trauma

Question 37

presentation of Wallenburg Syndrome (5)

Answer 37

``` ipsilateral cerebellar signs loss of pain/temp on ipsilateral face and contralateral body bulbar weakness ipsilateral horners nystagmus/vertigo ```

Question 38

basilar occlusion causes damage to the base of the pons and presents as

Answer 38

- quadriplegia - bulbar dysfunction - ocular problems

Question 39

clozapine patients need to monitor

Answer 39

neutrophil count - agranulocytosis seizures myocarditis

Question 40

what does clozapine treat

Answer 40

treatment resistant schizophrenia with suicidal ideaiton

Question 41

second generation antipsychotic that can cause prolactin secretion

Answer 41

Risperidone

Question 42

second generation antipsychotic that can cause long QT interval

Answer 42

Ziprasidone

Question 43

progesterone antagonist that is give with Misoprotol ( PGE2 agonist) to cause aboriton

Answer 43

Mifepristone

Question 44

how does methotrexate treat ectopic pregnancy

Answer 44

it inhibits the trophoblast division which hinders implantation

Question 45

where are bile acids reabsorbed

Answer 45

in the terminal ileum

Question 46

three causes of minimal change disease

Answer 46

insect bite immunization respiratory infection

Question 47

tryptase is a marker for

Answer 47

mast cell activation

Question 48

what is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Answer 48

recurrent venous thrombosis and pregnancy loss

Question 49

what is the antigen that is seen in polymyositis

Answer 49

histidyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 50

what is the antidote to serotonin syndrome

Answer 50

cyproheptadine

Question 51

down syndrome children have 3 copies of what

Answer 51

amyloid precursor protein

Question 52

What is the receptor on the surface of a T cell

Answer 52

TCR