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UWORLD Notecards > Sept 21 > Flashcards

Sept 21 Flashcards

1
Q

what NT is decreased in alzhemiers disease

A

Ach

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2
Q

what is an acetylcholinesterase drug that is used to treat Ach

A

Donepizil

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3
Q

what is the osculatory finding that indicates a high regurgitant volume in mitral regurg with left ventricle overload

A

left sided S3 gallop

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4
Q

mid systolic click is heard in

A

mitral valve prolapse

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5
Q

what is seen in inspiraiton

A

increase in venous return to the right heart and decrease venous return to left heart

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6
Q

what murmurs increase with inspiration

A

right sided

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7
Q

what murmurs decrease with insipration

A

left sided

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8
Q

what is seen with valsalva

A

decrease preload

decrease after load

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9
Q

what murmurs increase with valsalva

A

MVP
HCM
(decrease left ventricular volume)

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10
Q

what is seen with abrupt standing

A

decrease preload and afterload

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11
Q

what murmur increases with abrupt standing

A

MVP and HCM

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12
Q

wat is seen with squatting

A

increase preload and aferload

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13
Q

what murmur is increased in squatting

A

everything but MVP and HCM

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14
Q

what is seen on passive leg raise

A

increased preload

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15
Q

what murmur is increased in passive leg raise

A

everything but MVP and HCM

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16
Q

what is seen with handgrip

A

increased after load

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17
Q

what murmur increases with hadngrip

A

AR
MR
VSD

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18
Q

what murmur decreases with hand grip

A

HCM and AS

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19
Q

what increase bile acid concentration which promotes gall stone dissolution by improving the solubility of cholesterol

A

hydrophilic bile acids (ursodeoxycholic acid)

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20
Q

a 3.0 Hz spike wave complex superimposed on normal background is seen in

A

Absence sezurei

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21
Q

tx for absence seizure

A

ethosuxomide and sodium valproate

22
Q

tx for generalizes tonic clonic seizure

A

phenobarbital and carbamazepine

23
Q

tx for complex partial seizures

A

carbamazepine

24
Q

what will be increased in the amniotic fluid of someone with a neural tube defect

A

Acetylcholinesterase and AFP

25
Q

Amino glycosides inhibit what two things

A

mRNA genetic code reading and protein synthesis

26
Q

vancomycin inhibits?

A

cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis

27
Q

What does Daptomycin do

A

it disrupts the bacterial cell membrane and causes intracellular leakage

28
Q

UDE of daptomycin

A

myopathy and rhabdomyolysis

29
Q

cystic and solid tumor in the cerebellum of a child

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

30
Q

cytokines responsible for granuloma formation

A

Il-12 : stimulates TH1 cells
IFN-y: produced by TH1 and stimulates macrophages
TNF-a: stimulated by machrophages

31
Q

what does C3a do

A

it is an anaphylatoxin that stimulates histamine release from mast cells

32
Q

What does IL-4 do

A

stimulates TH2 cells and isotope switching to IgE

33
Q

what does IL-5 do

A

stimulates eosinophils and causes switching to IgA

34
Q

bone matrix formation problem is seen in

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

35
Q

bone mineralization problem seen in

A

Vitamin D deficiency

36
Q

damage to eat cause Wallenburg Syndrome ( Lateral Medullary Syndrome)

A

posterior cerebellar artery that can also be damged by cutting of the vertebral artery in a cervical spine trauma

37
Q

presentation of Wallenburg Syndrome (5)

A 
ipsilateral cerebellar signs
loss of pain/temp on ipsilateral face and contralateral body
bulbar weakness
ipsilateral horners
nystagmus/vertigo
38
Q

basilar occlusion causes damage to the base of the pons and presents as

A
  • quadriplegia
  • bulbar dysfunction
  • ocular problems
39
Q

clozapine patients need to monitor

A

neutrophil count - agranulocytosis
seizures
myocarditis

40
Q

what does clozapine treat

A

treatment resistant schizophrenia with suicidal ideaiton

41
Q

second generation antipsychotic that can cause prolactin secretion

A

Risperidone

42
Q

second generation antipsychotic that can cause long QT interval

A

Ziprasidone

43
Q

progesterone antagonist that is give with Misoprotol ( PGE2 agonist) to cause aboriton

A

Mifepristone

44
Q

how does methotrexate treat ectopic pregnancy

A

it inhibits the trophoblast division which hinders implantation

45
Q

where are bile acids reabsorbed

A

in the terminal ileum

46
Q

three causes of minimal change disease

A

insect bite
immunization
respiratory infection

47
Q

tryptase is a marker for

A

mast cell activation

48
Q

what is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

recurrent venous thrombosis and pregnancy loss

49
Q

what is the antigen that is seen in polymyositis

A

histidyl-tRNA synthetase

50
Q

what is the antidote to serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine

51
Q

down syndrome children have 3 copies of what

A

amyloid precursor protein

52
Q

What is the receptor on the surface of a T cell

A

TCR

UWORLD Notecards (32 decks)

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