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UWORLD Notecards > NEURO > Flashcards

NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

familial ALZ is associated with what

A

presenilin 1 and 2 mutations

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2
Q

degenerative disease of the frontal and temporal cortex that has round tau protein

A

Pick Disease

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3
Q

hallucinations, parkinsonian features and dementia is what

A

Ley body dementia

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4
Q

urinary incontinece
gait instability
dementia

wet wacky and wobbly

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

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5
Q

CAG repeat

A

Huntington’s

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6
Q

treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

ventriculoperitoneal shunting

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7
Q

spike wave complexes on ECG signifies

A

Creuz Feld Jacob Disease

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8
Q

a-synuclein is another name for what

A

Lewy Bodies (Parkinsons)

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9
Q

pronounced frontotemporal brain atrophy with changes in personality and behavior. The patient also has abnormal speech

A

Pick Disease

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10
Q

Silver stain that shows round cytoplasmic inclusions with aggregates of tau protein in frontotemporal lobes

A

Pick Disease

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11
Q

APP processing by beta and gamma secretes pathway produces what

A

beta amyloid

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12
Q

name of ad cow disease

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

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13
Q

cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes describes what pathology

A

progressive multifocal leukoencphalopathy

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14
Q

patches of white matter destruction are characteristic of what

A

multiple sclerosis

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15
Q

acute and painless vision loss in one eye is characteristic of what

A

central retinal artery occlusions

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16
Q

what is Amaurosis Fugax

A

painless, transient, vision loss in one eye that is caused by a small embolus to the ophthalmic artery ( only last a few seconds)

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17
Q

blurry vision, black spots, floaters and decreased peripheral vision are all seen in what pathology

A

diabetic retinpoathy

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18
Q

how can patients with long standing dialysis get carpal tunnel

A

because of the deposition of B2 micro globulin in the carpal tunnel

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19
Q

endomysial inflammatory infiltration is found on the muscle biopsy of what disease

A

polio

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20
Q

endoneural inflammatory infiltration with multifocal demylenation is seen in

A

Gillian Barre

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21
Q

what do NIssel substances in nerve cell bodies represent

A

RER where proteins are made

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22
Q

Shrinking of the cell body
pyknosis of the nucleus
loss of nissl substance
eosinophilic cytoplasm

A

acute neuronal injury Red Neuron

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23
Q

enlargement of cell body
eccentric uncles
enlargement of the nucleolus
dispersion of the nissle substance

A

axonal reaction

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24
Q

loss of neurons and functional groups of neurons

reactive gliosis

A

neuronal atrophy

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25
a neurons that is reaction to acute irreversible damage is called a
red neuron
26
what is the most common cause of spontaneous lobar hemorrhage in the brain
amyloid angiopathy
27
where do cerebral amyloid angiopathy usually occur
in the occipital ( eye loss) or parietal lobes ( hearing loss)
28
most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage in children
atriovenous malformation
29
progressive headaches, nausea and vomiting and confusion are all sins if
hypertensive encephalopathy
30
ataxia kyphoscoliosis loss of vibration and proprioception
Friedrich ataxia
31
chiari malformations are congenial disorders that result from what
underdevelopment of the posterior fossa
32
tetanus prevents the release of what
inhibitory NT from the brian and SC ( glycine and gaba
33
botulinum inhibits the release of what
Ach
34
cholera stimulates what in the enterochromaffin cells
serotonin
35
normal CSF expansion following cerebral volume loss ( there is more space in the brain so it looks like there is more CSF) is seen in
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
36
why do children with hydrocephalus get hyperreflexia and hypertonicity
because of the UMN injury that is caused by the stretching of the periventricular pyramidal tracts
37
what are the effects of inca herniation on the ipsilateral oculomotor nerve
fixed dilated pupil with down and out eye deviation
38
injury to the midbrain and the pons from an increasing hernia will cause what to the eye
mid positioned and fixed pupils bilaterally with loss of vestibule-ocular reflexes
39
lesion before the red nucleus causes
decorticate posture
40
lesions after the red nucleus causes
decerebrate posture
41
acute onset of diplopia, with the eye in a down and out position because of the unopposed pull of the super oblique, CN 4 and the lateral rectus, CN 6 is seen in
diabetic CN 3 mononeuropathy
42
the somatic compartment of CN 3 that control s the extrocular muscles is located where
centrally
43
the autonomic component of the CN 3 that is responsible for constriction of the pupil and accommodation is located where
on the periphery
44
what part of CN 3 is affected in diabetic mononeuropathy
the central part (this is why the pupil size and accommodation are normal in diabetic mononeuropathy)
45
location of subdural hematoma
between the dura and the arachnoid
46
frontotemporal dementia is also called
Pick Disease
47
main difference between Picks and Alz
ALZ has impairment in recent memory and atrophy all over the brain not just in the frontal or temporal lobes
48
lentiform nucleus
globus pallidus and putamen
49
one of the first regions to suffer in ALZ patients
hippocampus ( new memories)
50
what is Gerstmann Syndrome (dominant side)
there there is a destruction in the inferior parietal lobe causing right/left confusion, dyscalculia and finger agnosia.
51
destruction of the sub thalamic nucleus cases what
hemiballismus
52
what is part of the basal ganglia system that sends glutamate to the globes pallid us
sub thalamic nucleus
53
best test to identify kaiser Fleischer ring
slit lamp examination
54
wilson disease presents with copper deposition in organs such as the liver and the
brain
55
copper chelators used in wilsons disease are
d-penicillamine and trientine
56
advanced hemochromatosis has an association with wha disease
diabetes mellitus
57
pure motor hemiparesis and a small cavitary lesion in the internal capsule likely is what
lacunar infarct
58
lacunar infarcts are caused by
chronic HTN
59
why is there impaired eye ADDuction in the latter gaze in MS
because of the demyelination of the medial longitudinal fasiculus
60
most common UDE of MS
fatigue
61
why can patients with MS feel fatigued after a hot shower or after strenuous physical activity
because of the decreased axonal transmission associated with increased heat
62
black curtain coming down into the visual eye field is associated with
amaurosis fugax
63
infection that precedes Guillian Barre
Campylobacter
64
what causes the segmental demyelnatino of the peripheral nervous tissue seen in Guillian Barre
infiltration with t cells and macrophages
65
what is myotonia
abnormally slow relaxation of muscles
66
difficulty lossening teh grip after a handshake or to release a doorknob suggests what disease
myotonic dystrophy
67
CTG repeat seen in
myotonic dystrophy
68
frontal balding, gonadal atrophy, cataracts, and weakness and gait disturbance are indications of
myotonic dystrophy
69
muscle fiber most affected in myotonic dystrophy
Type 1
70
tram track calcifications on skull radiograph is present in
Sturge Weber Syndrome
71
what is a name for NFB 1
Von Recklinghausen's disease
72
peripheral nervous system tumor neurofibromas optic nerve gliomas lisch nodules cafe au last spots
NFB 1
73
mutations of VHL are on chromosome
3
74
mutations of APC are on chromosome
5
75
mutations of NF1 are on chromosome
17
76
mutations of NFB2 are on chromosome
22
77
mutation of RB1 are on chromosome
13
78
NF2 codes for
merlin
79
NF1 codes for
neurofibromin
80
synaptophsin is a
transmembrane glycoprotein that is on neurons and signifies a neuronal origin tumor
81
what tumors stain with GFAP
GBM oligodendroliomas ependymomas
82
what is it when there is decreased CSF resorption by the arachnoid granulations of the arachnoid matter
normal pressure hydrocephalus
83
individuals with normal pressure hydrocephalus have a past history of what
brian trauma or subarachnoid hemorrhage
84
magnetic gait presents with decreased step height an looks like the patients legs are stuck to the ground, this is seen in
normal pressure hyrdocephalus
85
what is a late complication of normal pressure hydrocephalus
urge incontinence
86
gait disturbance urge incontince cognitive disturbance
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
87
name the seziure: no loss of consciousness motor, sensoromic, or psychics symtpoms
simple
88
loss of consciousness and may have automatisms like lip smacking
complex
89
anticonvulsants for simple and complex seizures
- carbamazepine - gabapentin - phenobarbital - phenytoin
90
loss of consciousness diffuse muscle contraction of the limbs rhythmic jerking
tonic clonic
91
no loss of consciousness | brief jerking movements
myoclonic
92
brief loss of consciousness mau have automatism like lip smacking usually no postictal state
absence
93
treatment for absence seizure
euthosuxomide
94
treatment for tonic clonic and myoclonic
lamotrigine lecetiracetam topirmate valproic acid
95
which seizure presents with a preceding aura
complex partial
96
Kopek spots are seen in what
measles
97
name the structural protein in measles
hemagglutin and metric protein
98
what kind of virus is measles
single strand RNA virus that is a member of the paramyxovirus family
99
what is a complication that happens in children after they have had the measles virus
subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis
100
anti smooth muscle antibodies go with
autoimmune hepatitis
101
increased intestinal iron absorption is seen in
hemochromatosis
102
mutation in ATP7B specifically does what
stops hepatocyte copper transport so there is a decreased formation of ceruloplasmin and there is a build up of copper in the tissues

UWORLD Notecards (32 decks)

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