Observational Studies

Question 1

collects data from a group of people to asses the frequency of a disease and its related risk factors at a certain period of time

“What is happening”

Answer 1

Cross sectional study

Question 2

cross sectional study measures

Answer 2

prevalence

Question 3

compares a group with a disease to one without a disease and looks for any PRIOR risk factors

” What happened?

Answer 3

case control

Question 4

compares a group with a given risk factor to a group without a risk factor and sees if the exposure will causes disease later
can be prospective or retrospective

“Who will develop”
“Who did develop”

Answer 4

cohort

Question 5

experiment that involves humans that compares the therapeutic benefits od 2 or more treatments or of a treatment and a PLACEBO

Answer 5

clinical trial

Question 6

phase 1

Answer 6

small number of healthy volunteers

“ Is it safe?” asses the saftey, toxicity, pharmockinetisc and pharmacodynamics

Question 7

phase 2

Answer 7

small number of people with the disease of interest

” Does it work”
do the treatment actually work and are there adverse effects

Question 8

phase 3

Answer 8

large number of patients randomly assigned to a group
“ Is it good or is it better?”
compares new treatment to current treatment standard

Question 9

phase 4

Answer 9

postmarketting of drug surveillance
“ Can it stay?”
what are the long term adverse effects

Question 10

1-false negative =

Answer 10

sensitivity

Question 11

1- false positive

Answer 11

specificcity