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UWORLD Notecards > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Murmur sound for ASD

A

Fixed splitting if s2

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2
Q

Vsd murmur sound

A

Holosystolic murmur at the left eternal border

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3
Q

Mitral stenosis murmur

A

Mid diastolic low pitched rumbling murmur that has a beginning opening snap sound

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4
Q

PDA MURMUR SOUND

A

Continuous machine like murmur during systole and diastole

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5
Q

Bicuspid aorta murmur sound

A

Early systolic high frequency click in right second interspace

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6
Q

What is the best indicator of the severity of mitral stenosis

A

The time between A2 and the opening snap

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7
Q

Tool used to measure mitral stenosis

A

2-D Doppler ECG

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8
Q

A2-OS INTERVAL that is short means what

A

The mitral valve stenosis is severe

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9
Q

Name some medicines that cause negative chronotropy

A 
Beta blockers
Non dihydropyridiens 
Digoxin
Amiodarone and sotalol 
Pilocarpine and rivastigmine (ACh agonist)
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10
Q

What is the problem with people taking b blockers and nd calcium blockers tighter

A

Together they can cause a very slow heart rate and low blood pressure!

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11
Q

Main action of ACEI

A

Vasodilation(reflex tachy can occur)

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12
Q

Squatting in people with TOF does what

A

Increases systemic vascular resistance causing blood from RV to go to pulmonic trunk and decreases right to left shunting

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13
Q

Explain the process of pulsus paradoxus

A

Normally when you inspire you increase venous return to the right heart. The eighth ventricular will then expand into the pericardial space to accommodate the blood. But in the case of hinge like cardiac tamponade where there is no room for this expansion, the right ventricle will push the IV septum towards the left heart decreasing the EDV in the left heart, with a decreases in systolic pressure during inspiration!

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14
Q

What separates homocysteineinuria from Marfans

A 
Intellectual disability
Thrombosis 
Downward lens dislocation instead of upward
Megaloblastic anemia
Fair complexion
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15
Q

Endocardial thickening and fibrosis of tricuspid and pulmonary valves usually limited to the right heart are characteristic for what

A

Carcinoid heart disease

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16
Q

What urine test should be gotten to determine carcinoid heart disease

A

5-HIAA hydroxyindoleacetic acid (end product of serotonin)

17
Q

Where does abdominal aortic aneurysm usually occur

A

Under the renal arteries

18
Q

Transmural inflammation of the abdominal wall represents

A

AAA

19
Q

Cystic medial degeneration of the aortic root is common in?

A

Marfans

20
Q

Deep tissue bruising
Prolonged PT
Henarthroses

A

Factor 7 deficient

21
Q

Complete atrioventricular canal defect is common in who

A

Downs people

22
Q

Digeorg is associated with what three things

A

TOF
Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the vessels

23
Q

Mutation in frataxin, seen in

A

Friedrich ataxia

24
Q

High arches
HCOM
KYOHOSCOLIOSIA

Spinocerebellar tract degeneration

A

Fried rich ataxia

25
Q

A conclusion that there is no difference between the groups stuidies when a difference truly exists

A

Beta error

26
Q

Inaccurate recall of past exposure by subjects

A

Recall bias

27
Q

Thickened valve leaflets with multiple small vegetations on both surfaces

A

Libmann sacks endocarditis (SLE)

28
Q

Myxomas are composed of what kind of cells

A

Scattered cells within a mucopolusaccharide stoma

29
Q

Diphtheria infection can cause complication in what two organs

A

Brain and heart

30
Q

Diphtheria toxoid vaccine produces what effect

A

Circulating IgG against exotoxin B subunit of diphtheria, preventing disease

31
Q

Ongoing intamil inflammation of atheroma can destabilize the mechanical problems integrity of the plaque through the release of what by macrophages

A

Metalloproteinases

UWORLD Notecards (32 decks)

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