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UWORLD Notecards > Neurology Questions > Flashcards

Neurology Questions Flashcards

1
Q

beta pleated sheets are joined by what kind of bonds

A

hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

each amino acid in a sequence that forms a peptide bond is joined by what kind of bond?

A

hydrogen

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3
Q

what is the bond between two cysteine residues that are really strong and make it so that proteins cannot be denatured easily

A

disulfide bonds

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4
Q

what are non small cell lung tumors that arise near the superior sulcus (by the subclavian) and can compress the brachial plexus and sympathetic cervical ganglia? the are associated with smoking

A

pan coast tumor

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5
Q

mutation in FMR1 gene leads to

A

fragile X syndrome

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6
Q

what is the autosomal dominant condition associated with lens dislocation, dilatation of the proximal aorta, long fingers, and tall stature

A

marfan syndrome

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7
Q

paternal deletion of part of chromosome 15

A

Prader Willi

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8
Q

valproate, a bipolar medicine used in pregnant women is associated with a 10-20 fold risk of what in the baby

A

NTD

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9
Q

name two folate antagonist that could cause baby to have NTD

A

methotrexate

TMP-SMX

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10
Q

what drug reduces the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndome

A

bethamethasone

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11
Q

increased lithium use in pregnancy can cause

A

ebstain anomoly

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12
Q

neural tube closes normally at what week

A

4

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13
Q

what nerve exists the obturator canal and adducts the thigh and gives sensation to the distal medial thigh

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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14
Q

gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata do what to the thigh?

A

Abduct ( inn. superior gluteal nerve)

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15
Q

extension of the leg is done by

A

quadriceps femori (inn. femurs nerve)

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16
Q

extension of the thigh is done by?

A

gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve)

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17
Q

flexion of the thigh

A

psoas illiacus (inn. femoral nerve) and sartorius muscles (lumbar plexus inn)

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18
Q

what is the autosomal dominant condition caused by cerebellar atrophy in which there is disturbed gait in the first year of life (ataxia) and recurrent sinopulmonary infections with a high risk of cancer later due to impaired DNA repair genes

A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

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19
Q

what condition is characterized by DNA hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation

A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

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20
Q

what is caused by a hypersensitivity in DNA to cross link agents

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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21
Q

what occurs due to DNA mismatch repair enzymes defect and makes people susceptible to colon cancer

A

Hereditary non polyposis colorectal caner

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22
Q

anterograde axonal transport rely on

A

kinesin

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23
Q

retrograde axonal transport is done by

A

dynein

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24
Q

what maintains the shape of the RBC

A

spectrin

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25
vimentin?
secures organelle inside the cytosol and provides resistance to mechanical stress
26
mortality rate
number of deaths per year / total popualtion
27
incidence
number of new cases / population at risk
28
prevelance
number of people with disease / total population
29
rate of increase of a disease
number of new cases per year - number of death per year / total population
30
disease specific mortality
number of deaths due to disease per year / total population
31
M2
heart
32
M1
brain
33
increased levels of methylmalonic acid and homocystien is seen in?
b12 deficiency and causes impaired DNA synthesis and impaired myelination
34
what is the condition where acute hemolytic anemia occurs in areas of oxidative stress
G6PD Deficiency
35
what is decreased in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
erythrocyte transketolase activity seen in thiamine deficiency (b1)
36
serum protoporphyrin are increased in what
lead poisoning | iron deficiency
37
acute dystonic reaction are due to the antagonism of what receptors
D2 in the nigrostriatal pathway
38
GABA receptor antagonist like Flumazenil can cause
pro-convulsant effects
39
Haloperidol and Fluphenazine are antipsychotics that cause what
blockage of D2 receptors causing dystonic reactions
40
what virus mainly causes aseptic meningitis
enterovirus
41
coronavirus causes what symptoms
cold
42
meningitis in immunocompromised patients
cryptococcus neoformans
43
Bethanechol is what
a cholinergic against used to stimulate peristalsis in post-operative ileus
44
atonic bladder is the same as
non obstructive urinary retention (treat with cholinergic drug)
45
what are the three indications for cholinergic agonistic drugs
atonic bladder glaucoma peristalsis induction
46
what seizures are asosicatied with jerky movements and the patient is usually young, healthy. this affects the upper extremity with preservation of consciousness
myoclonic seziures
47
name foru anticonvulsants
valproic acid lamotreigene levetiractem topiramate
48
name for narrow spectrum antconvlusants
carbamazepine phenytoin phenobarbital gabapentin
49
brand spectrum anti convulsant
valproic acid
50
what drug is a GABA - B agonist that can treat muscle spasticity
Baclofen
51
What is the alpha 2 agonist that can treat ADHD
clonidine
52
benzo that can treat status epilepticus
diazepam
53
drug that can treat tourettes syndrome
fluphenazine ( D2 antagonist)
54
levodopa can cause what side affects
anxiety and agitation (worsens when you add carbidopa because more dopamine is available to the brain)
55
adding carbidopa to l-dopa does what
makes sure that L-dopa isn't broken down in the periphery so it can be mainly used in the brain
56
since dopamine drugs cause nausea what can be added to stop this nausea and increase complianec
dopa decarboxylase inhibitor
57
Tizanidine
like Baclofen treats spasticity ( in MS patients)
58
Duloxetine
NE reuptake inhibitor that treats anxiety and depression
59
Nortriptline?
TCA that treats neuropathic pain and MIGRANE headaches especially with patients with depression/anxiety
60
Sumatriptan
treats acute migrant headaches
61
infarct of what artery causes macular sparing?
posterior cerebral artery
62
what spares the macula
middle cerebral artery
63
tetrodotoxin (puffer fish) and saxitoxin (dinoflagellets) do what
bind tot he sodium channels and do not allow and influx of soda into he action potential so depolarization will not occur
64
ciguatoxin ( exotic fish Moray eel) and Batrachotoxin (South American Frog) cause
constant opening of sodium channels making it so there is continuous depolarization
65
what causes back pain and radiates down the leg in a L5 dermatomal fashion, which is worsened by prolonged standing and walking.
l5 radiculopathy
66
L5 radiculopathy presents how
weekness in: dorm of foot buttocks lateral thigh and calf
67
dorsiflexion of the footie done by
tibialis anterior
68
foot eversion si done by
peroneus
69
toe extension is done by
extensor digitorum brevis
70
what syndrome is associated with contralateral hemiparesis or spastic motion and defect of CN 3 ( eye will look down and out) due to cerebral peduncle injury
Weber syndrome
71
if you correct hyponatremia too quickly what can happen
locked in syndrome
72
microaneuryms due to severe HTN seen in basal ganglia and thalamus
Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysm
73
cusaes of SAH
AV malformaiton berry aneurysm trauma
74
intraventricular hemorrhage happens in who
premature babies (
75
what three structures run through the carotid sheath
- IJV - Carotid Artery - Vagus Nerve
76
wet wacky and wobbly is associated with what
normal pressure hydrocephalus
77
atrophied brain tissue around ventricles that looks like hydrocephalus is
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
78
drug for pseudo tumor cerebri
azcetozolamide
79
rapid iv anesthetic that has a high triglyceride content
Propofol
80
PCP analogue that causes dissociative anesthesia
ketamine
81
what drugs treat Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Barbs
82
Crigler- Najjar Syndrome
when the liver won't make enzymes that are needed to break down billirubin
83
how to treat BENZO overdose
Flumazenil
84
mu agonist (opiod)
endorphin
85
delta against (opioid)
enkephalon
86
kappa agonist (opioid)
dynorphin
87
use of loperamide (opiod)
diarhea
88
use of tramadol (opiod)
no addicitve
89
use of dextromethorphan (opiod)
cough suppressant
90
use of butorphanol (opiod)
deceases respiratory depression
91
what gene mutation is associated with Malignant hyperthermi
RYR1
92
HOW DO LOCAL ANESTHETICS WORK
block sodium channels
93
name three local anesthetics
Procaine Lidocaine Cocaine

UWORLD Notecards (32 decks)

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