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UWORLD Notecards > Neurology Questions > Flashcards

Neurology Questions Flashcards

1
Q

beta pleated sheets are joined by what kind of bonds

A

hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

each amino acid in a sequence that forms a peptide bond is joined by what kind of bond?

A

hydrogen

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3
Q

what is the bond between two cysteine residues that are really strong and make it so that proteins cannot be denatured easily

A

disulfide bonds

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4
Q

what are non small cell lung tumors that arise near the superior sulcus (by the subclavian) and can compress the brachial plexus and sympathetic cervical ganglia? the are associated with smoking

A

pan coast tumor

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5
Q

mutation in FMR1 gene leads to

A

fragile X syndrome

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6
Q

what is the autosomal dominant condition associated with lens dislocation, dilatation of the proximal aorta, long fingers, and tall stature

A

marfan syndrome

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7
Q

paternal deletion of part of chromosome 15

A

Prader Willi

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8
Q

valproate, a bipolar medicine used in pregnant women is associated with a 10-20 fold risk of what in the baby

A

NTD

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9
Q

name two folate antagonist that could cause baby to have NTD

A

methotrexate

TMP-SMX

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10
Q

what drug reduces the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndome

A

bethamethasone

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11
Q

increased lithium use in pregnancy can cause

A

ebstain anomoly

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12
Q

neural tube closes normally at what week

A

4

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13
Q

what nerve exists the obturator canal and adducts the thigh and gives sensation to the distal medial thigh

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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14
Q

gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata do what to the thigh?

A

Abduct ( inn. superior gluteal nerve)

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15
Q

extension of the leg is done by

A

quadriceps femori (inn. femurs nerve)

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16
Q

extension of the thigh is done by?

A

gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve)

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17
Q

flexion of the thigh

A

psoas illiacus (inn. femoral nerve) and sartorius muscles (lumbar plexus inn)

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18
Q

what is the autosomal dominant condition caused by cerebellar atrophy in which there is disturbed gait in the first year of life (ataxia) and recurrent sinopulmonary infections with a high risk of cancer later due to impaired DNA repair genes

A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

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19
Q

what condition is characterized by DNA hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation

A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

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20
Q

what is caused by a hypersensitivity in DNA to cross link agents

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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21
Q

what occurs due to DNA mismatch repair enzymes defect and makes people susceptible to colon cancer

A

Hereditary non polyposis colorectal caner

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22
Q

anterograde axonal transport rely on

A

kinesin

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23
Q

retrograde axonal transport is done by

A

dynein

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24
Q

what maintains the shape of the RBC

A

spectrin

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25
Q

vimentin?

A

secures organelle inside the cytosol and provides resistance to mechanical stress

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26
Q

mortality rate

A

number of deaths per year / total popualtion

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27
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases / population at risk

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28
Q

prevelance

A

number of people with disease / total population

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29
Q

rate of increase of a disease

A

number of new cases per year - number of death per year / total population

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30
Q

disease specific mortality

A

number of deaths due to disease per year / total population

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31
Q

M2

A

heart

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32
Q

M1

A

brain

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33
Q

increased levels of methylmalonic acid and homocystien is seen in?

A

b12 deficiency and causes impaired DNA synthesis and impaired myelination

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34
Q

what is the condition where acute hemolytic anemia occurs in areas of oxidative stress

A

G6PD Deficiency

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35
Q

what is decreased in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

erythrocyte transketolase activity seen in thiamine deficiency (b1)

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36
Q

serum protoporphyrin are increased in what

A

lead poisoning

iron deficiency

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37
Q

acute dystonic reaction are due to the antagonism of what receptors

A

D2 in the nigrostriatal pathway

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38
Q

GABA receptor antagonist like Flumazenil can cause

A

pro-convulsant effects

39
Q

Haloperidol and Fluphenazine are antipsychotics that cause what

A

blockage of D2 receptors causing dystonic reactions

40
Q

what virus mainly causes aseptic meningitis

A

enterovirus

41
Q

coronavirus causes what symptoms

A

cold

42
Q

meningitis in immunocompromised patients

A

cryptococcus neoformans

43
Q

Bethanechol is what

A

a cholinergic against used to stimulate peristalsis in post-operative ileus

44
Q

atonic bladder is the same as

A

non obstructive urinary retention (treat with cholinergic drug)

45
Q

what are the three indications for cholinergic agonistic drugs

A

atonic bladder
glaucoma
peristalsis induction

46
Q

what seizures are asosicatied with jerky movements and the patient is usually young, healthy. this affects the upper extremity with preservation of consciousness

A

myoclonic seziures

47
Q

name foru anticonvulsants

A

valproic acid
lamotreigene
levetiractem
topiramate

48
Q

name for narrow spectrum antconvlusants

A

carbamazepine
phenytoin
phenobarbital
gabapentin

49
Q

brand spectrum anti convulsant

A

valproic acid

50
Q

what drug is a GABA - B agonist that can treat muscle spasticity

A

Baclofen

51
Q

What is the alpha 2 agonist that can treat ADHD

A

clonidine

52
Q

benzo that can treat status epilepticus

A

diazepam

53
Q

drug that can treat tourettes syndrome

A

fluphenazine ( D2 antagonist)

54
Q

levodopa can cause what side affects

A

anxiety and agitation (worsens when you add carbidopa because more dopamine is available to the brain)

55
Q

adding carbidopa to l-dopa does what

A

makes sure that L-dopa isn’t broken down in the periphery so it can be mainly used in the brain

56
Q

since dopamine drugs cause nausea what can be added to stop this nausea and increase complianec

A

dopa decarboxylase inhibitor

57
Q

Tizanidine

A

like Baclofen treats spasticity ( in MS patients)

58
Q

Duloxetine

A

NE reuptake inhibitor that treats anxiety and depression

59
Q

Nortriptline?

A

TCA that treats neuropathic pain and MIGRANE headaches especially with patients with depression/anxiety

60
Q

Sumatriptan

A

treats acute migrant headaches

61
Q

infarct of what artery causes macular sparing?

A

posterior cerebral artery

62
Q

what spares the macula

A

middle cerebral artery

63
Q

tetrodotoxin (puffer fish) and saxitoxin (dinoflagellets) do what

A

bind tot he sodium channels and do not allow and influx of soda into he action potential so depolarization will not occur

64
Q

ciguatoxin ( exotic fish Moray eel) and Batrachotoxin (South American Frog) cause

A

constant opening of sodium channels making it so there is continuous depolarization

65
Q

what causes back pain and radiates down the leg in a L5 dermatomal fashion, which is worsened by prolonged standing and walking.

A

l5 radiculopathy

66
Q

L5 radiculopathy presents how

A

weekness in:
dorm of foot
buttocks
lateral thigh and calf

67
Q

dorsiflexion of the footie done by

A

tibialis anterior

68
Q

foot eversion si done by

A

peroneus

69
Q

toe extension is done by

A

extensor digitorum brevis

70
Q

what syndrome is associated with contralateral hemiparesis or spastic motion and defect of CN 3 ( eye will look down and out) due to cerebral peduncle injury

A

Weber syndrome

71
Q

if you correct hyponatremia too quickly what can happen

A

locked in syndrome

72
Q

microaneuryms due to severe HTN seen in basal ganglia and thalamus

A

Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysm

73
Q

cusaes of SAH

A

AV malformaiton
berry aneurysm
trauma

74
Q

intraventricular hemorrhage happens in who

A

premature babies (

75
Q

what three structures run through the carotid sheath

A
  • IJV
  • Carotid Artery
  • Vagus Nerve
76
Q

wet wacky and wobbly is associated with what

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus

77
Q

atrophied brain tissue around ventricles that looks like hydrocephalus is

A

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

78
Q

drug for pseudo tumor cerebri

A

azcetozolamide

79
Q

rapid iv anesthetic that has a high triglyceride content

A

Propofol

80
Q

PCP analogue that causes dissociative anesthesia

A

ketamine

81
Q

what drugs treat Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

A

Barbs

82
Q

Crigler- Najjar Syndrome

A

when the liver won’t make enzymes that are needed to break down billirubin

83
Q

how to treat BENZO overdose

A

Flumazenil

84
Q

mu agonist (opiod)

A

endorphin

85
Q

delta against (opioid)

A

enkephalon

86
Q

kappa agonist (opioid)

A

dynorphin

87
Q

use of loperamide (opiod)

A

diarhea

88
Q

use of tramadol (opiod)

A

no addicitve

89
Q

use of dextromethorphan (opiod)

A

cough suppressant

90
Q

use of butorphanol (opiod)

A

deceases respiratory depression

91
Q

what gene mutation is associated with Malignant hyperthermi

A

RYR1

92
Q

HOW DO LOCAL ANESTHETICS WORK

A

block sodium channels

93
Q

name three local anesthetics

A

Procaine
Lidocaine
Cocaine

UWORLD Notecards (32 decks)

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