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MS 3 > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of Seizures?

A
  1. Electrolyte imbalance (Sodium)
  2. Infection (Meningitis)
  3. Autoimmune condition
  4. Tumor
  5. Trauma
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2
Q

What are the two types of trauma to the brain?

A
  1. Contusion
  2. Concussion
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3
Q

What is a contusion?

A

A tear or bruise to the brain

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4
Q

What is a concussion?

A

A blow to the brain that causes jarring

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5
Q

What are the different stimulus that can cause seizures?

A
  1. Noise
  2. Bright lights
  3. Sleep deprivation
  4. Stress
  5. Use of recreational drugs
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6
Q

What is the most common stimulus that can cause seizures?

A

Sleep deprivation

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7
Q

What are three examples of recreational drugs?

A
  1. Methamphetamine
  2. Cocaine
  3. Ecstasy
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8
Q

What are the two types of seizures?

A

Focal (one hemisphere) and Generalized (both hemispheres)

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9
Q

What are the two types of Focal seizures?

A

Simple and Complex

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10
Q

What is a Focal Simple Seizure?

A
  1. patient is conscious
  2. overwhelming feeling of sadness or happiness
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11
Q

What is a Focal Complex Seizure?

A
  1. patient is unconscious
  2. lip smacking
  3. automatism
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12
Q

What are the two types of Generalized Seizures?

A

Grand Mal/Tonic Clonic or Petit Mal/Absence/Little Sickness

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13
Q

What are the four phases of Grand Mal seizure?

A
  1. Pre-ictal (aura)
  2. Tonic
  3. Clonic
  4. Post-ictal
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14
Q

What occurs during the pre-ictal phase?

A

Patient experiences:
1. metallic taste in mouth
2. sudden flashing of lights
3. smell of burnt flesh
4. sudden epigastric pain

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15
Q

What is the most common aura symptom of pregnant women?

A

Sudden epigastric pain due to pregnancy-induced hypertension affecting blood flow to the pancreas

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16
Q

What occurs during the tonic phase?

A
  1. Stiff, arched back
  2. Closure of jaw
  3. Lasts for 20 seconds
17
Q

What occurs during the clonic phase?

A
  1. involuntary jerking
  2. bowel and bladder incontinence
  3. Lasts for 30-40 seconds
18
Q

What occurs during the post-ictal phase?

A
  1. semiconscious
  2. Drowsiness
19
Q

What is the definition of Petit Mal/Little Sickness?

A
  1. There is no aura, tonic, and clonic phase
  2. Sudden cessation of activities
  3. Blank facial expression
  4. Autism-like expressions (lip smacking)
  5. Lasts for 30 seconds
20
Q

What is a Jacksonian Seizure?

A

Starts in one body part then progresses to the rest of the body

21
Q

What is the diagnosis for Seizure?

A

Electroencephalogram

22
Q

What is the management of seizures?

A
  1. Loosen restrictive clothing
  2. Raise side rails
  3. Put aside furniture
  4. O2 at 10L
  5. Note the duration of seizure
  6. Administer Anticonvulsants
23
Q

What are three examples of anticonvulsants?

A
  1. Diazepam (Valium)
  2. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
  3. Phenytoin (Dilantin)

MS 3 (22 decks)

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