Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism Flashcards
What is another name for Hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s Disease
What are the different causes of Hyperthyroidism?
- Autoimmune disorder
- Tumor
- Inflammed Thyroid
- Gender (more common in women)
What occurs when there is fast consumption of glucose in the body?
Weight loss
What occurs when there is increased heat production due to increased metabolism?
- Heat intolerance
2 Increased perspiration
What occurs when there is increased ATP due to increased metabolism?
- increased vital signs
- palpitations
- alert/irritable
- hair growth
- polyuria
- diarrhea
- exophthalmia
- heavy menstrual bleeding
What type of diet is given to patients with hyperthyroidism?
High caloric diet
How do you manage exophthalmia?
- Eye patch
- Eye drops
What are the different antithyroid medications?
- Propylthiouracil
- Lugol’s Solution
- Methimazole
- Propanolol
- Radioactive Iodine
What is the function of propylthiouracil?
blocks T3 and T4 formation
What is another name for Lugol’s Solution?
Strong Solution of Potassium Iodine (SSKI)
What is the function of Lugol’s Solution?
Reduces blood flow to the thyroid, administered after thyroidectomy to prevent bleeding
What is the function of Methimazole?
blocks T3 and T4
What is another name for Methimazole?
Tapazole
What is the function of Propanolol?
Beta blocker to treat cardiac symptoms of hyperthyroidism
What is the function of Radioactive Iodine?
kills cells of Thyroid Gland
How long should you be exposed to a patient with radioactive iodine?
maximum 30 minutes
What are the precautions regarding the toilet for patients with radioactive iodine?
- Flush 2-3 times
- Clean the toilet with bleach
What should be done with the soiled linens of a patient with radioactive iodine?
isolated
How long should a patient treated with radioactive iodine be isolated for?
48 hours
What are pre-op reminders for a thyroidectomy?
Ask for a shellfish/iodine allergy
What are post-op interventions for thyroidectomy?
- Sandbags at the sides of the head to prevent movement
- Small pillows under head for Semi-fowler’s
What are things to WOF after thyroidectomy?
- hypocalcemia
- Respiratory distress/laryngeal edema
- Thyroid storm
What are the signs of hypocalcemia?
Chvostek’s sign and Trosseau’s sign
How do you treat hypocalcemia?
Calcium Gluconate
How do you treat respiratory distress/laryngeal edema?
Emergency tracheostomy
What are the manifestations of thyroid storm?
- Increased T3 and T4
- Heart arrythmias
- Death
What is another name for Hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s Disease
What is the difference between Hyper and Hypothyroidism in terms of TSH?
It can either be increased or decreased in hypothyroidism
What is the indication if TSH is high in hypothyroidism?
Thyroid gland has a problem
What is the indication if TSH is low in hypothyroidism?
Pituitary gland has a problem
What is the manifestation if there is low glucose consumption?
- Weight gain
- Increased fats
- Increased atherosclerosis
What is the manifestation if there is decreased ATP due to decreased metabolism?
- decreased vital signs
- fatigue/weakness
- brain fog
- amenorrhea
- thin hair
- oliguria
- constipation
What is the manifestation if there is decreased heat due to decreased metabolism?
- Cold intolerance
- No perspiration
What is the DOC for hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine (T4)
When is levothyroxine taken?
Before breakfast, same time every day
What should you do if you miss a dose of levothyroxine?
Skip the dose
