Asthma Flashcards
What is the pathophysiology of asthma?
Irritants cause the Basophils to release histamine which constricts bronchioles resulting in spasm and difficulty in breathing
What are the two factors that cause asthma?
Extrinsic (environment) and intrinsic (internal)
What are the early manifestations of asthma?
Hyperventilation and alkalosis
What are the late manifesations of asthma?
Hypoventilation and acidosis
What occurs when the patient experiences difficulty in breathing?
Accessory muscles (CN 11) are utilized mainly sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, nasal flaring occurs
What adventitious sound can be heard in a patient with asthma?
Wheezing
What does the patient with difficulty in breathing feel?
Restlessness
How is asthma diagnosed?
Peak Flow Meter
What are the classifications of results of the Peak Flow Meter?
Red - less than 50% breathing capacity
Yellow - 50% - 70%, administer bronchodilators and corticosteroids
What is administered for acute asthma?
Epinephrine 3X SQ
What is administered for latent asthma?
Methyl xanthine (long-acting bronchodilators)
What is the purpose of corticosteroids?
Reduce inflammation by suppressing the immune system
How much oxygen is given to a patient with asthma?
High flow oxygen (8-10 L)
How should a patient with asthma manage their breathing?
Deep breathing on moderate high back rest and encourage oral intake to loosen respiratory secretions
