Neuro Anatomy

Question 1

What are the four parts of the brain?

Answer 1

1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon
3. Brainstem
4. Cerebellum

Question 2

What is the cerebrum’s white matter for?

Answer 2

Connection between the right and left hemisphere

Question 3

What is the cerebrum’s gray matter for?

Answer 3

It has four lobes:

1. Frontal
2. Temporal
3. Occipital
4. Parietal

Question 4

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

Answer 4

PAST

1. Personality
2. Attention
3. Speech
4. Thinking

Question 5

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

Answer 5

Vision

Question 6

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

Answer 6

Auditory

Question 7

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

Answer 7

Pain, pressure, proprioception

Question 8

Where is the Broca’s area found?

Answer 8

Frontal lobe

Question 9

What happens if the Broca’s area is damaged?

Answer 9

Expressive aphasia

Question 10

Where is the Wernicke’s area found?

Answer 10

Temporal lobe

Question 11

What happens if the Wernicke’s area is damaged?

Answer 11

Receptive aphasia

Question 12

What is found within the Diencephalon?

Answer 12

1. Hypothalamus
2. Thalamus
3. Epithalamus
4. Pituitary gland

Question 13

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

Answer 13

Regulate temperature and appetite, puberty, thirst, and love

Question 14

What is the function of the Thalamus?

Answer 14

Memory, sends sensory signals to the cerebral cortex

Question 15

What is the function of the Epithalamus?

Answer 15

Container for the Pineal Gland and the Choroid Plexus

Question 16

What is the function of the Pineal Gland?

Answer 16

Secretes melatonin

Question 17

What is the function of the Choroid Plexus?

Answer 17

Creates 500-700 ml of Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

What is the pathway of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 18

PATHWAY OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

1. Choroid plexus
2. Lateral ventricles
3. Foramen of monroe
4. 3rd ventricles
5. Aqueduct of sylvius
6. 4th ventricles
7. Foramen of luschka and magendie
8. Subarachnoid space (cisterna magna)

Question 19

What are the layers of the meninges?

Answer 19

1. Pia
2. Arachnoid
3. Dura

Question 20

What is craniocynostosis?

Answer 20

Premature closure of the skull sutures

Question 21

What are the signs and symptoms of increased cranial pressure?

Answer 21

1. Increased blood pressure
2. Decreased heart rate
3. Decreased respiratory rate
4. Increased temperature
5. Widened pulse pressure (more than 40)

Question 22

What are the parts of the brainstem?

Answer 22

1. Pons
2. Midbrain
3. Medulla oblongata
4. Reticular Formation

Question 23

What is the function of the Pons?

Answer 23

depth of respiration (hyper and hypo ventilation)

Question 24

What is the function of the midbrain?

Answer 24

optic reflexes (blinking) and auditory reflexes

Question 25

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 25

regulation of heart rate, respiratory rate, and constriction or dilation of blood vessels

Question 26

What is the function of the reticular formation?

Answer 26

Reticular activating system, controls the sleep wake cycle

Question 27

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 27

1. Balance 2. Equilibrium 3. Coordination of movements

Question 28

What is another name for the sensory nervous system?

Answer 28

Afferent nervous system

Question 29

What is another name for the motor nervous systsem?

Answer 29

Efferent nervous system

Question 30

What are the two movements under the efferent nervous system?

Answer 30

Involuntary (autonomic) and voluntary (somatic)

Question 31

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 31

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 32

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 32

31

Question 33

What are the divisions of the spinal nerves?

Answer 33

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx

Question 34

How many nerves does each divison have?

Answer 34

Cervical 8 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacral 5 Coccyx 1

Question 35

What are the functions of the Cervical nerves?

Answer 35

C1-C4 Neck C6 Shoulders C8 Arms

Question 36

What are the functions of the Thoracic nerves?

Answer 36

T1-T6 chest (lungs) T7-T12 (abdomen)

Question 37

What are the functions of the Lumbar nerves?

Answer 37

Legs

Question 38

What is an emergency interventions for patients who have suffered severe injuries that could potentially affect their head?

Answer 38

Immobilize the patient

Question 39

What is autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer 39

Damage to T6

Question 40

What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer 40

1. Severe pounding headache 2. Pyloerection 3. Profuse sweating 4. Hypertensive crisis

Question 41

What medications are given for hypertensive crisis?

Answer 41

1. Hydralazine 2. Sodium nitroprusside