Neuro Anatomy Flashcards
What are the four parts of the brain?
- Cerebrum
- Diencephalon
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
What is the cerebrum’s white matter for?
Connection between the right and left hemisphere
What is the cerebrum’s gray matter for?
It has four lobes:
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Parietal
What is the role of the frontal lobe?
PAST
- Personality
- Attention
- Speech
- Thinking
What is the role of the occipital lobe?
Vision
What is the role of the temporal lobe?
Auditory
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
Pain, pressure, proprioception
Where is the Broca’s area found?
Frontal lobe
What happens if the Broca’s area is damaged?
Expressive aphasia
Where is the Wernicke’s area found?
Temporal lobe
What happens if the Wernicke’s area is damaged?
Receptive aphasia
What is found within the Diencephalon?
- Hypothalamus
- Thalamus
- Epithalamus
- Pituitary gland
What is the function of the Hypothalamus?
Regulate temperature and appetite, puberty, thirst, and love
What is the function of the Thalamus?
Memory, sends sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
What is the function of the Epithalamus?
Container for the Pineal Gland and the Choroid Plexus
What is the function of the Pineal Gland?
Secretes melatonin
What is the function of the Choroid Plexus?
Creates 500-700 ml of Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the pathway of cerebrospinal fluid?
PATHWAY OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
- Choroid plexus
- Lateral ventricles
- Foramen of monroe
- 3rd ventricles
- Aqueduct of sylvius
- 4th ventricles
- Foramen of luschka and magendie
- Subarachnoid space (cisterna magna)
What are the layers of the meninges?
- Pia
- Arachnoid
- Dura
What is craniocynostosis?
Premature closure of the skull sutures
What are the signs and symptoms of increased cranial pressure?
- Increased blood pressure
- Decreased heart rate
- Decreased respiratory rate
- Increased temperature
- Widened pulse pressure (more than 40)
What are the parts of the brainstem?
- Pons
- Midbrain
- Medulla oblongata
- Reticular Formation
What is the function of the Pons?
depth of respiration (hyper and hypo ventilation)
What is the function of the midbrain?
optic reflexes (blinking) and auditory reflexes
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
regulation of heart rate, respiratory rate, and constriction or dilation of blood vessels
What is the function of the reticular formation?
Reticular activating system, controls the sleep wake cycle
What is the function of the cerebellum?
- Balance
- Equilibrium
- Coordination of movements
What is another name for the sensory nervous system?
Afferent nervous system
What is another name for the motor nervous systsem?
Efferent nervous system
What are the two movements under the efferent nervous system?
Involuntary (autonomic) and voluntary (somatic)
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
How many spinal nerves are there?
31
What are the divisions of the spinal nerves?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx
How many nerves does each divison have?
Cervical 8
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5
Coccyx 1
What are the functions of the Cervical nerves?
C1-C4 Neck
C6 Shoulders
C8 Arms
What are the functions of the Thoracic nerves?
T1-T6 chest (lungs)
T7-T12 (abdomen)
What are the functions of the Lumbar nerves?
Legs
What is an emergency interventions for patients who have suffered severe injuries that could potentially affect their head?
Immobilize the patient
What is autonomic dysreflexia?
Damage to T6
What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia?
- Severe pounding headache
- Pyloerection
- Profuse sweating
- Hypertensive crisis
What medications are given for hypertensive crisis?
- Hydralazine
- Sodium nitroprusside
