DI and SIADH

Question 1

What is the cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 1

low ADH

Question 2

What causes low ADH in patients?

Answer 2

1. Autoimmune disorder
2. Removal of pituitary gland

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Deficiency?

Answer 3

1. hemoconcentration
2. collapsed neck veins
3. reduced central venous pressure
4. xerostomia
5. dry skin turgor
6. sunken fontanelles & eyeballs
7. SHOCK

Question 4

What electrolyte imbalance does the patient manifest in Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 4

Hypokalemia and Hypernatremia

Question 5

What is the diagnostic test for Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 5

Water deprivation test
- restrict fluids for 12 hours

Question 6

What is the management of Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 6

1. Corticosteroids
2. Weight monitoring
3. Low salt high potassium diet (BOWS)

Question 7

What causes high ADH in SIADH?

Answer 7

Small cell lung cancer or autoimmune condition

Question 8

What are the signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Excess?

Answer 8

1. Congestion
   - Congestive Heart Failure, Cardiac Tamponade
   - Pulmonary Edema
   - Cerebral Edema (risk for seizure)
2. hemodilution
3. increased central venous pressure
4. distended neck veins
5. bulging fontanelle
6. periorbital edema
7. anasarca

Question 9

What electrolyte imbalance is manifested in SIADH?

Answer 9

Dilutional hyponatremia

Question 10

What is a risk for dilutional hyponatremia?

Answer 10

Altered level of consciousness and seizures

Question 11

What antibiotic is given to patients with SIADH?

Answer 11

Demeclocycline

Question 12

What are examples of potassium wasting diuretics?

Answer 12

Mannitol and Lasix

Question 13

What is the management of SIADH?

Answer 13

1. Low potassium high sodium diet
2. Monitor intake and output
3. Corticosteroids
4. Monitor level of consciousness

Question 14

What is the DOC for Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 14

Vasopressin/Desmopressin given intranasally