Section 12: Sport Psychology Flashcards
Define attribution
a perception of the reason for an outcome of an event
What’s the importance of attribution?
vital for maintaining motivation and effort- task persistence
Define an internal attribute
Within the performer’s control e.g amount of effort
Define an external attribute
Outside the performer’s control e.g luck or ref’s decision
What’s the locus of causality?
The point where reason might be places e.g. the amount of control the player had over the result
Define a stable attribute
Unlikely to change in the short-term
Define an unstable attribute
Can change in a short amount of time
What’s the stability dimension?
Looks at how much the reason for winning and losing can be changed
Define self-serving bias
Using external and/or unstable reasons for losing
How could a coach help attribution?
- blame defeat on external and unstable reasons
- changeable and internal reason can be used in a defeat e.g. more effort could win the next game
- attribute losing to external or changeable reasons
Define learned helplessness
Using internal stable reasons for losing
What are the effects of learned helplessness?
- massively affects confidence
- occurring when players blame losing on internal and stable reasons e.g. ability
- players feel they don’t have the ability to win
How can learned helplessness be developed?
- when players blame losing on internal and stable reasons e.g. ability
- negative feedback and criticism from coaches or others
- lack of success
Define attribution retraining
Changing the reasons given for success and failure
How could a coach attribute retrain?
- provide motivation via reinforcement
- allow early success to improve confidence
- set achievable goals
- emphasise personal achievements in the game, even if lost
Define mastery orientation
State of mind when the performer is high in confidence, believes in their own ability and thinks success is repeatable, while failure is temporary and changeable
What is a leader?
Someone who has influence in helping others to achieve their goals
What’s a prescribed leader?
Appointed from outside the group
What’s an emergent leader?
Appointed from within the group
What’s the autocratic approach of leadership?
Leader makes the decline and dictates instructions
What’s the concern of an autocratic leader?
To get results and reach targers
Define a democratic leader
Decisions are made by group consultation
What’s person-orientated leadership?
Concerned with interpersonal relationships
State what task leadership is
Concerns with getting results