13.3 ethics in sport Flashcards
Define amateurism
Participation in sport for the love of it, receiving no financial gain (based on the concept of athleticism, physical endeavour with moral integrity)
In what ways are amateurism still present in modern day sport?
- fair play and sportsmanship, viewed positively and promoted in a number of ways e.g. Fair Play awards in football, shaking hands prior to and after sporting contests, through ‘Olympic ideal’ based on principles of amateurism
- Ruby Union has maintained its amateurism, calls referees sir
What is the Olympic oath?
written by Baron de Coubertin, it is a promise made by an athlete and a judge as representatives of their fellow competitors/officials to compete fairly without doping
How is the Olympic oath still relevant in modern-day sport?
- sportsmanship and fair play still evident e.g. helping injured players finish the race
- stringent drug testing, shows continued importance of fair competition
- punishment for deviant behaviour
- amateurism encouraged as no prize money provided by IOC
Define gamesmanship
bending the rules and stretching them to their absolute limit without getting caught; using whatever dubious methods possible to achieve the desired result
Give examples of gamesmanship
- delaying play at a restart to get back in defence
- time wasting when ahead in a game
- verbally sledging an opponent to distract or upset them
- psyching out an opponent pre-match press conference
- taking an injury time out, toilet break or appealing an umpire’s decision to disrupt the rhythm of a game
- deliberate deception of an official to try gain an advantage
Define positive deviance
behaviour which is outside the norms of society but with no attempt to harm or break the rules. involves the over-adherence to the norms of society
Define negative deviance
behaviour that goes against the norms of society and has a detrimental effect on individuals and society in general
Give examples of positive deviance
- a performer might over-train despite being injured
- a performer striving to win within the rules of a sport but accidently injures another player (without intent)
Give examples of negative deviance
- taking illegal PEDs
- deliberately fouling or harming an opponent through aggression
- accepting a bribe to lose
- diving to win a penalty or free kick
What’s stimulation?
Trying to deceive an official by over-acting
Define citing
Players can be cited (i.e. reported or investigated) for dangerous play, whether seen by the referee or not
In what way is the Olympic oath not relevant in modern-day sport?
- doping and positive drug tests
- professional athletes able to compete
- win at all costs mentality
- people cheating e.g. Philip Hindes claimed he fell off his bike when he had a bad start so race restarted as it was considered a false start
Give examples of sportsmanship in elite sport
- professional football players returning the ball to the opposition when it has been kicked out of play to allow an injured player to have treatment
- cricketers walking before being given an out when they know they have made contact with bat on ball and it has been caught
- professionals showing ‘good grace’ when returning to play at former clubs and not celebrating -when scoring out of respect for former club
How can sportsmanship be encouraged?
- use of NGB campaigns promoting sportsmanship/fair play e.g. FA respect campaign
- giving awards for fair play at top level sport to encourage it and create positive role models
- use of technology to help officials make correct decisions and so that players can be cited after matches for behaviour which goes against the rules
- introduction of NGB rules promoting fair play
- punish foul play and unsporting behaviour during the competition e.g. send player off
- punish foul play and unsporting behaviour after the event e.g. fines and bans imposed by NGBs
- use of positive role models to promote sportsmanship and fair play
- use of rigorous drug testing to try to ensure fairness
