1.4 musculoskeletal system Flashcards
Name 2 different types of joints?
- ball and socket
- hinge
Name the joint and the articulating bones around the ankle
- hinge
- talus, tibia and fibula
Name the joint and the articulating bones around the knee
- hinge
- femur, tibia
Name the joint and the articulating bones around the hip
- ball and socket
- femur, pelvis
Name the joint and the articulating bones around the shoulder
- ball and socket
- humerus, scapula
Name the joint and the articulating bones around the elbow
- hinge
- humerus, radius and ulna
What are the 3 planes and axes in pairs?
FTS,SLT
- frontal plan, sagittal axis
- transverse plane, longitudinal axis
- sagittal plane, transverse axis
How does each plane divide the body?
- sagittal plane divides the body into left and right
- frontal plane divides the body into front and back
- transverse plane divides the body into top and bottom
Where does each axes run?
- transverse axis runs from side to side across the body
- sagittal axis runs from front to back
- longitudinal axis runs from top to bottom
What joint actions take place in the sagittal plane, transverse axis?
- flexion
- extension
- plantar-flexion
- dorsi-flexion
- hyper-extension
What joint actions take place in the frontal plane and sagittal axis?
- abduction
- adduction
What joint actions take place in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis?
- rotation
- horizontal abduction
- horizontal adduction
What is flexion and extension?
Flexion= decreasing the angle at between the bones of the joint Extension= increasing the angle at between the bones of the joint
What is hyper-extension?
Increasing the angle between the bones of the joint beyond 180 degrees
What is abduction and adduction?
Abduction= movement of a limb away from the midline of the body Adduction= movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
What is horizontal abduction and adduction?
Horizontal abduction= movement of a limb backwards while it is held parallel to the ground
Horizontal adduction= movement of a limb forwards while it is held parallel to the ground
Define agonist
the muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring
Define antagonist
the muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordinated movement)
What is the main agonist and antagonist for elbow flexion?
agonist- biceps
antagonist- triceps
What is the main agonist and antagonist for elbow extension?
agonist- triceps
antagonist- biceps
What is the main agonist and antagonist for ankle plantar-flexion?
agonist- gastrocnemius
antagonist- tibialis anterior
What is the main agonist and antagonist for ankle dorsi-flexion?
agonist- tibialis anterior
antagonist- gastrocnemius
What is the main agonist and antagonist for knee flexion?
agonist- hamstrings
antagonist- quadriceps
What is the main agonist and antagonist for knee extension?
agonist- quadriceps
antagonist- hamstrings
What is the main agonist and antagonist for hip flexion?
agonist- iliopsoas/hip flexors
antagonist- gluteals
What is the main agonist and antagonist for hip extension?
agonist- gluteals
antagonist- hip flexors
What is the main agonist and antagonist for hip adduction?
agonist- adductors (adductor brevis/longus/magnus)
antagonist- tensor fascia latae and gluteus medius/minimus
What is the main agonist and antagonist for hip abduction?
agonist- tensor fascia latae and gluteus medius/minimus
antagonist- adductors (adductor brevis/longus/magnus)
What is the main agonist and antagonist for hip horizontal adduction?
agonist- adductors
antagonist- tensor fascia latae and gluteus medius/minimus
What is the main agonist and antagonist for hip horizontal abduction?
agonist- tensor fascia latae and gluteus medius/minimus
antagonist- adductors
What is the main agonist and antagonist for shoulder flexion?
agonist- anterior deltoid
antagonist- latissimus dorsi
What is the main agonist and antagonist for shoulder extension/hyper-extension?
agonist- latissimus dorsi
antagonist- anterior deltoid
What is the main agonist and antagonist for shoulder horizontal adduction?
agonist- pectorals
antagonist- latissimus dorsi
What is the main agonist and antagonist for shoulder horizontal abduction?
agonist- latissimus dorsi
antagonist- pectorals
What is the main agonist and antagonist for shoulder adduction?
agonist- posterior deltoid/latissimus dorsi
antagonist- middle deltoid/ suprapinatus
What is the main agonist and antagonist for shoulder abduction?
agonist- middle deltoid
antagonist-
Define a concentric contraction
when a muscle shortens under tension
Define an eccentric contraction
when a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a break
Define an isometric contraction
when the muscle is contracting but there is no visible movement occuring
