Sci- digestion 🐪🐪 Flashcards
how does food help us to grow, work and stay healthy
the common features of all living things (MRS C GREN) all need energy which comes from food.
All except cells and nutrition
What is absorption
small digested molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells.
what is ingestion
food is taken into the body via the act of eating
what is egestion
undigested food residues are egested from the body as faeces
what is digestion
food is taken down into smaller molecules both physically and chemically
what is assimilation
after absorbtion, small digested food molecules are used up by the body
where does digestion begin in the human body?
the mouth, when you chew
how long is the complete gut in humans
26 ft
what is the function of the anus
when your body feels the urge to have a bowel movement muscles in this section of the rectum allows stool to exit the body
what is the function of the pancreas
It controls the blood sugar levels in the body and secretes pancreatic juice which contains the enzymes amylase, lipase and trypsin
what is the function of the esophagus
food is pushed down the esophagus, mixed in the stomach and pushed through the intestines by peristalsis
what is peristalsis and where can it be found in the digestive tract
peristalsis is the circular and longitudinal muscle contractions that push food along the digestive tract. It can be found in your esophagus
what is the function of the rectum
Collect and hold your faeces until its time to release it
what is the function of the gallbladder
It stores bile produced by the liver. Bile is then released into the duodenum (small intestines) when chyme is present.
what does bile do
neutralizes the chyme and helps digest lipids.
what is the function of the salivary glands
They secrete saliva, a mixture of water ions, enzymes and mucus. Enzymes start the chemical digestion of starch and lipid (that is breaking large chained molecules into their building blocks).
what is the function of the large intestine
it absorbs water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food. It also provides temporary storage for faeces and gets rid of any waste products left over.
what is the function of the small intestine
Secretions from the walls of the small intestines , the pancreas and the liver assist with the breakdown of carbohydrates (into glucose), lipids (into glycerol and fatty acids) and proteins (into amino acids)
what is the function of the liver
Liver produces bile and stores the absorbed products of digestions.
what is the function of the stomach
Both mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the stomach
1. Peristalsis mixes the stomach contents with
pepsin
hydrochloric acid
mucus
2. This turns the food into a liquid called chyme and proteins are broken down into smaller molecules (peptides). The mucus protects the stomach wall from being digested
4. depending it can take several hours to empty the stomach into the small intestines
what does the mouth do
teeth chomp and rip food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for chemical digestion.
what are villi and why are they important
The inner wall of the small intestines is folded into villi. The outer wall of each villi are made of cells. This is what creates the enormous surface area. They absorb nutrients from the liquid mixture chyme
what is an enzyme
Enzymes are catalysts (biological) and increase the rates of a chemical reaction without being used up.
what do enzymes do
They are involved in reactions such as respiration
They have an active site where reaction occurs
the substance enters the active site and the products eventually leave the site
enzymes work like a lock and key, they are specific to reaction
