New Zealand and WW1 Flashcards
How long was WW1
1914-1918- 4 years
What is an alliance?
a relationship among groups or states that have joined together for mutual benifit.
Who were the two rival alliances?
The triple alliance and the Triple entente
Who did the triple alliance consist of?
Germany, Austro-Hungarian and Italy
Who did the triple Entene consist of?
France, Britain and Russia
Why did the two alliances form?
The alliance systems formed as countries looked to protect themselves from their rivals in Europe.
The triple alliance was formed in
1882
What to look for in a cartoon interpretation?
- What year and what event it shows
- What symbols being used and how are they effective
- who’s point of view is the cartoon showing
- is this a primary or secondary source
When was Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of Austro-hungary assasinated?
June 1914
Who was Franz Ferdinand associated by?
An extremist group with ties to Serbia
What happened after Franz Ferdinand was assonated?
- Austria invaded Serbia
- Russia came to Serbia’s aid declaring war on Austria-Hungary
- Austria’s ally, Germany declared war on Russia, scared France might Attack
- Germany then declared war on France as they were allies of Russia
- Germany invaded Belgium to get to France
- Britain had a alliance with Belgium and declared was on Germany
- WW1 had begun
How did NZ get involved with the war?
- When the Great European powers went to war in 1914 their empires went to war also, this made it a world war
- NZ was part of the British empire therefore they had to go to war
- Most Pakeha at the time felt a great loyalty to Britain as many had come from Britain, this urged them to join the war and fight for their country
What was NZ’s first call of action?
The seizure of Samoa which had been controlled by Germany. They were afraid Germany would set up a base there.
How did Samoa react to be taken control of by NZ?
The Samoans were relaxed and didn’t put up a fight. They were hospitable and looked after the soldiers from NZ.
What was the Western Front?
The Western Front was a 400+ mile stretch of land weaving through France and Belgium from the Swiss border to the north sea.
How was the western front the decisive front?
Most of the fighting took place on the western front and whichever side won on the western front would be able to claim victory for their alliance.
Why did trenches become a thing?
When Germany invaded France and Belgium at the start of the war the French and British managed to stop them advancing. The Germans then needed something to stop them needing to retreat further so they dug trenches (big ditches/gullies in the ground). Britain and France then dug trenches to stop Germany advancing.
What is trench warefare?
Trench warfare was when both sides dug trenches making it very hard for either side to get any significant breakthrough as it was easy to defend your territory from the trenches. Trench warfare lasted for over 4 years
What is a stalemate?
A stalemate is a situation in which further action or progress by opposing or competing parties seems impossible.
What were the different parts of a trench?
The parapet (front of trench), dugout (for resting), duckboard, sump, sandbags, ammunition shelf, fire step, elbow rest, barbed wire (in front of parapet).
What were the different parts of a trench?
The parapet (front of trench), dugout (for resting), duckboard, sump, sandbags, ammunition shelf, fire step, elbow rest, barbed wire (in front of parapet).
How did machine guns make it hard to escape the deadlock of trench warfare?
Soldiers had to attack across open ground which made it easy for defenders with machine guns, which could fire 8 bullets per second. This made it easy to prevent successful attacks.
How did No-man’s land make it hard to escape the deadlock of trench warfare?
It was an empty area with lots of obstacles. being in no man’s land made you an easy target as there was no protection.
How did barbed wire make it hard to escape the deadlock of trench warfare?
Barbed wire was put up to make it harder for any advancements. It stopped people bringing in equipment and horses.
What were the biggest battles for the NZ soldiers?
- the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey- 1915
- The battle of the Somme- 1916
- The battle of Passchendaele-1917
Where did the NZ soldiers mainly fight?
On the Western Front
When war stalled on the Western Front what plan did the British authorities have?
The British authorities planned a surprise invasion of Turkey to attack the enemy from the east.
Who was asked to join? What was formed because of it?
Australia and New Zealand were asked to join forming the ANZACS- The Australian and New Zealand army corps
What happened on April 25th, 1915
The ANZACS lead the land invasion at Gallipoli Peninsula intending to land at dawn.
What Happened in March 1915
A British and French navy attack on Gallipoli fails.
What is ANZAC Cove?
It was a narrow beach that became the ANZAC base. It was in the wrong port to what they had planed to many soldiers died immediately due to their placement. ANZAC Cove was 600m long surrounded by steep hills and gullies. The front line was never more than 1km away.
What were some of the battles at Gallipoli?
- Hill 100
- Rhododendron ridge
- Bauchop’s Hill
- Hill Q
- Russell’s Top
- Lone Pine
- Quinn’s Post
- Chunuk Bair
How did the Gallipoli campaign end?
Lord Kitchener- A British commander arrived at Gallipoli and accepted the fact that the campaign was a total failure. he ordered full evacuation and the ANZACS were gone by January.
How many New Zealanders died at Gallipoli?
2779 people died
5212 people were injured
When was the battle of the Somme?
1916
How many casualties were there at the battle of the Somme?
over 1 million
How long did the battle of the Somme go on for?
3 weeks
What was NZs first big engagement on the western front?
The battle of the Somme
How many NZ soldiers died at the battle of the Somme?
over 2100
When was the battle of Passchendaele?
1917
Why was the battle of Passchendaele fought?
To gain control of the village of Passchendaele which is near the town of Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium.
Passchendaele is in the region made famous by what poem?
“In Flanders Fields” by Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae.
