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PHYSIOLOGY > salivary secretion > Flashcards

salivary secretion Flashcards

1
Q

parotid gland

A
  • secretion serous (lack mucin)

- thin

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2
Q

submandibular and sublingual

A
  • mixed mucus and serous

- thick

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3
Q

salivary secretion is controlled by

A
  • parasympathetic (high volume but thinner) and sympathetic (low volume but thicker) both stimulate saliva secretion
  • not under hormonal control
  • CHLORIDE PUMP only found in saliva
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4
Q

saliva has

A
  • low osmolality making saliva hypotonic (NaCl goes out HCO3 comes in)
  • HCO3 neutralized acid (acetazolamide inhibit HCO3 going to saliva)
  • decrease HCO3 rotting of teeth
  • hyposmolar
  • if hypertonic won’t be able to taste food
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5
Q

GI

A
  • sympathetic low action

- parasympathetic increase action

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6
Q

HIV transfer in saliva is not possible due to

A
  • IgA neutralizes infection
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7
Q

sjogren syndrome (autoimmune disease)

A
  • attacking salivary and lacrimal ducts

- dry eyes, dyspareunia, loose teeth

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8
Q

saliva

A
  • amylase and lipase to taste better and for better digestion (though its not necessary for life no like in pancreas)
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9
Q

gastric mucosa secrete

A
  • highly viscous alkaline fluid (mucin plus HCO3)

- for protection from HCL

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10
Q

NSAIDS such aspirin

A
  • decrease secretion of mucin and HCO3

- by inhibiting prostaglandin (from stretch)

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11
Q

gastic pH

A
  • 1.0 more acid than the blood
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12
Q

stretch/distension

A
  • makes the acids (ACh, gastrin etc.)
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13
Q

parietal cells

A
  • HCL
  • intrinsic factor combines with vitamin B12
  • reabsorbed in distal ileum
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14
Q

chief cells

A
  • pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by H+

- pepsin begins the digestion of protein

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15
Q

mucous neck cells

A
  • secrete the protective mucus, HCO3 combination
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16
Q

pepsin

A
  • not essential for life
17
Q

intrinsic factor

A
  • only content of stomach that is essential for life
18
Q

pernicious anemia

A
  • intrinsic factor
19
Q

substances that stimulate PARIETAL CELLS

A
  • ACETYLCHOLINE acting as a transmitter (neural)
  • HISTAMINE (paracrine)
  • GASTRIN (hormonal)
20
Q

H2 blockers

A
  • ranitidine
  • cimetidine
  • famotidine
    CAUSE A 65% OF REDUCTION OF ACID (2/3)
    reason for H2 blockers are partially effective because there are still gastrin and ACh but histamine potentiate the other 2
21
Q

somatostatin inhibits the

A
  • parietal cells
22
Q

the highest pH in the body is the

A
  • venous blood leaving the stomach

- alkaline tide

23
Q

site of action of PPI

A
  • H/K-ATPase

- PPI is much effective than H2 blockers

24
Q

pancreas is a

A
  • HCO3 PRODUCING ORGAN
  • 2-3 L/day
  • makes trypsin
  • major product is HCO3
25
Q

trypsinogen to trypsin

A
  • enterokinase (in the wall of the duodenum)
26
Q

chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin (endopeptidase)

A
  • trypsin
27
Q

procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase (exopeptidase)

A
  • trypsin
28
Q

lipACE
amylACE
has the same starch linkages/same bond

A
  • ACE are secreted ACTIVE
29
Q 
chymotrypsinOGEN
trypsinOGEN
pancreatic protease (aka zymOGEN)
pepsinOGEN
have different protein linkages/bonds
A
  • OGEN are secreted INACTIVE
30
Q

premature activation of TRYPSINOGEN

A
  • it the etiology of PANCREATITIS

- alcoholic patient with severe epigastric pain nausea vomiting

31
Q

pancreas makes

A
  • inactive digestive enzymes
32
Q

pancreas

A
  • 80-90% is a duct exocrine
  • 2% is beta cells
  • 8% arteries, veins, nerves connective tissues
33
Q

pancreas

A
  • 80-90% exocrine duct
  • product 2-3L/day
  • product HCO3
34
Q

pancreatic secretions

A
  • most regulation is controlled via two hormones
  • secretin
  • cholecystokinin
35
Q

secretin

A
  • main action is to neutralize stomach acid entering the duodenum
  • release of fluid high in HCO3
  • is in response mostly in acid
36
Q

cholecystokinin

A
  • action on the pancreas is the release of enzyme (amylase, lipase, proteases)
  • is in response mostly in fat
  • stimulates the release of trypsin
37
Q

salivary

A
  • neural

- vagal stimulation

38
Q

stomach

A
  • mixed
  • gastrin (hormonal)
  • vagal stimulation (neural)
  • histamine (paracrine)

PHYSIOLOGY (40 decks)

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