salivary secretion Flashcards
parotid gland
- secretion serous (lack mucin)
- thin
submandibular and sublingual
- mixed mucus and serous
- thick
salivary secretion is controlled by
- parasympathetic (high volume but thinner) and sympathetic (low volume but thicker) both stimulate saliva secretion
- not under hormonal control
- CHLORIDE PUMP only found in saliva
saliva has
- low osmolality making saliva hypotonic (NaCl goes out HCO3 comes in)
- HCO3 neutralized acid (acetazolamide inhibit HCO3 going to saliva)
- decrease HCO3 rotting of teeth
- hyposmolar
- if hypertonic won’t be able to taste food
GI
- sympathetic low action
- parasympathetic increase action
HIV transfer in saliva is not possible due to
- IgA neutralizes infection
sjogren syndrome (autoimmune disease)
- attacking salivary and lacrimal ducts
- dry eyes, dyspareunia, loose teeth
saliva
- amylase and lipase to taste better and for better digestion (though its not necessary for life no like in pancreas)
gastric mucosa secrete
- highly viscous alkaline fluid (mucin plus HCO3)
- for protection from HCL
NSAIDS such aspirin
- decrease secretion of mucin and HCO3
- by inhibiting prostaglandin (from stretch)
gastic pH
- 1.0 more acid than the blood
stretch/distension
- makes the acids (ACh, gastrin etc.)
parietal cells
- HCL
- intrinsic factor combines with vitamin B12
- reabsorbed in distal ileum
chief cells
- pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by H+
- pepsin begins the digestion of protein
mucous neck cells
- secrete the protective mucus, HCO3 combination
pepsin
- not essential for life
intrinsic factor
- only content of stomach that is essential for life
pernicious anemia
- intrinsic factor
substances that stimulate PARIETAL CELLS
- ACETYLCHOLINE acting as a transmitter (neural)
- HISTAMINE (paracrine)
- GASTRIN (hormonal)
H2 blockers
- ranitidine
- cimetidine
- famotidine
CAUSE A 65% OF REDUCTION OF ACID (2/3)
reason for H2 blockers are partially effective because there are still gastrin and ACh but histamine potentiate the other 2
somatostatin inhibits the
- parietal cells
the highest pH in the body is the
- venous blood leaving the stomach
- alkaline tide
site of action of PPI
- H/K-ATPase
- PPI is much effective than H2 blockers
pancreas is a
- HCO3 PRODUCING ORGAN
- 2-3 L/day
- makes trypsin
- major product is HCO3
trypsinogen to trypsin
- enterokinase (in the wall of the duodenum)
chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin (endopeptidase)
- trypsin
procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase (exopeptidase)
- trypsin
lipACE
amylACE
has the same starch linkages/same bond
- ACE are secreted ACTIVE
chymotrypsinOGEN trypsinOGEN pancreatic protease (aka zymOGEN) pepsinOGEN have different protein linkages/bonds
- OGEN are secreted INACTIVE
premature activation of TRYPSINOGEN
- it the etiology of PANCREATITIS
- alcoholic patient with severe epigastric pain nausea vomiting
pancreas makes
- inactive digestive enzymes
pancreas
- 80-90% is a duct exocrine
- 2% is beta cells
- 8% arteries, veins, nerves connective tissues
pancreas
- 80-90% exocrine duct
- product 2-3L/day
- product HCO3
pancreatic secretions
- most regulation is controlled via two hormones
- secretin
- cholecystokinin
secretin
- main action is to neutralize stomach acid entering the duodenum
- release of fluid high in HCO3
- is in response mostly in acid
cholecystokinin
- action on the pancreas is the release of enzyme (amylase, lipase, proteases)
- is in response mostly in fat
- stimulates the release of trypsin
salivary
- neural
- vagal stimulation
stomach
- mixed
- gastrin (hormonal)
- vagal stimulation (neural)
- histamine (paracrine)
