BLOOD PRESSURE AND PULSE PRESSURE

Question 1

Systolic pressure

Answer 1

• blood rushing to occluded vessel
• turbulence flow going to a narrow vessel
• pressure from the heart
• from CO and vessel compliance stiffness of vessel
• the main factor in determining SYSTOLIC PRESSURE IS STROKE VOLUME
• increase SV= increase systolic blood pressure VIA
• decrease HR reflex increase SV or increase preload, decrease compliance stiff vessels = increase systolic blood pressure

Question 2

Diastolic pressure

Answer 2

• disappearance of sound
• 80 mm Hg
• coming from the radius and RESISTANCE OF THE VESSEL (TPR) against the flow of blood
• calcified blood vessel walls
• main factor determinant is TPR which is determined by the resistance of arterioles
• dilatation of arteriole decreases diastolic blood pressure
• constriction of arterioles increase diastolic blood pressure
• decrease in heart rate or stroke volume will also decrease diastolic blood pressure due to decrease in flow in the system

Question 3

SYSTOLIC/DIASTOLIC

Answer 3

• assessing CO/TPR

Question 4

pulse pressure(PP)

Answer 4

• difference systole-diastole
• increase systole
• decrease diastole
• increase PP

Question 5

systolic pathophysiology

Answer 5

• increase systolic pressure
• increase CO= increase HR constant SV via
• decreases vessel compliance

Question 6

diastolic pathophysiology

Answer 6

• TPR resistance is inverse to radius
• dilate arteries decrease TPR
• decrease diastolic pressure
• arteriolar dilators (Ca channel blockers, alpha 1 blocker)
• decrease diastolic pressure
• stiff vessel or loose vessel compliance will give a lowered or false reading diastolic pressure

Question 7

BP 144/110

Answer 7

• immediate goal is to decrease diastolic pressure
• goal is to decrease TPR
• drug that will decrease the radius (radius is inverse to resistance)
• ACE inhibitor, Ca channel blocker, alpha 1 blocker

Question 8

widening of PULSE PRESSURE

Answer 8

• increase in stroke volume(systolic>diastolic)
• decrease in vessel compliance (systolic increase and diastolic decreases)
• aorta is the most compliant artery in the systemic system
• peripheral arteries

Question 9

pulse pressure increases

Answer 9

• as we go distally, arteries distal to the heart go down the system (peripheral artery)

Question 10

pulse pressure decreases

Answer 10

• as we go near to the heart

Question 11

mean arterial pressure

Answer 11

• 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
• diastolic pressure + 1/3 of pulse pressure
• closed that diastolic pressure by that better index in determining MAP than systolic pressure
• CO=MAP/TPR

Question 12

which of the following vessel is expected to have the highest pressure/MAP in a standing person

Answer 12

• lying down
  arterial pressure in the AORTA(93) is 100mm Hg mean pressure
  venous RA 0-2 mmHg mean pressure head to toe pressure is 0
• gravity adds 80 mm Hg to the system
• arterial pressure from 100 lying down then standing up add 80 mm Hg hence arterial pressure is 180 mm Hg (PEDAL VEIN)
• venous pressure is 0 lying down upon standing up adds up 80 mm Hg hence venous pressure is 80 mm Hg on the PEDAL VEIN due to gravitational pull + gravitational force
• LOWEST ARTERY= FEMORAL ARTERY

Question 13

jugular venous pressure

Answer 13

• diagnosis of RV failure
• RV is increase and back off in the RA and backs off into the IVC then into the jugular veins
• 45 degrees sitting

Question 14

supine to upright posture

Answer 14

• pressure in the dependent VEINS INCREASES
• BLOOD VOLUME in dependent VEINS INCREASES
• CO DECREASES (circulating blood volume) due increase in pool volume
• DECREASE SV AND PRESSURE
• BP DECREASES
• as a compensation via CAROTID SINUS REFELEX
  TPR INCREASES, HR INCREASES due to sympathetic stimulation
• no compensation on BP develop ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION

Question 15

in SPACE ASTRONAUTS

Answer 15

• INCREASE BP due to weightlessness no gravity pull