digestive process

Question 1

protein has no taste

Answer 1

• due no chymotrypsin, trypsin in saliva

- trypsin essential

Question 2

essential in stomach is

Answer 2

• intrinsic factor

- absorb B12 in the terminal ileum

Question 3

pancreas

Answer 3

• essential
• lipase
• amylase

Question 4

gallbladder

Answer 4

• bile and lipase for fat absorption

- starve to death

Question 5

small bowel

Answer 5

• disaccharidases (lactase, lactose intolerance; sucrase, sucrose intolerance; maltase 2 glucose breakdown, trehalase 3 glucose breakdown)
• only MONOSACCHARIDES CAN BE ABSORBED by FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Question 6

driving the entire absorption

Answer 6

• NaKATPase (active transport splitting energy)

Question 7

not dependent in sodium reabsorption

Answer 7

• FRUCTOSE (independent of sodium reabsorption)

Question 8

which of the following does not affect secondary active transport

Answer 8

• INSULIN

- it does not affect glucose absorption in GUT and KIDNEY

Question 9

INSULIN

Answer 9

• affects transport in adipose tissue and resting muscles

Question 10

AMINO ACIDS

Answer 10

• are transported by SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT liked to SODIUM

Question 11

absorption of lipids

TRIGYCERIDE

Answer 11

• bile micelles (emulsify)

- pancreatic lipase will absorb it into 2 free fatty acids and position 2 monoglyceride

Question 12

absorption of fats is by

Answer 12

• diffusion

- chylomicrons brings the fat to thoracic duct for mixing

Question 13

absorption of fats

lipase breaksdown

Answer 13

• triglyceride

Question 14

absorption of fats

cholesterol esterase

Answer 14

• breaks up into cholesterol and free fatty acid

reesterified into chylomicron that goes into the lymph and dumps it into circulation by the process of DIFFUSION

Question 15

ABSORPTION

duodenum

Answer 15

• most divalent ions (Fe, Ca, Mg)
• water soluble vitamins
• Fe+
• Mg+
• Ca+
• celiac disease (IRON DEFICIENCY)
• chronic pancreatitis(NO IRON DEFICIENCY because the don’t need pancreatic enzymes)
• stool are greasy, foul, floating etc.
• malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins ADEK
• weight loss due to fat malabsorption
• osteoporosis Vit D malabsorption
• easy bruising

Question 16

CELIAC DISEASE vs CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

Answer 16

• celiac disease (IRON DEFICIENCY)

- chronic pancreatitis (NO IRON DEFICIENCY because the don’t need pancreatic enzymes)

Question 17

JEJUNUM

Answer 17

• overall
• net absorption of water and electrolytes
• site where HCO3 IS ABSORBED

Question 18

distal ILEUM

Answer 18

• BILE SALTS ABSORPTION
• VITAMIN B12 and INTRINSIC FACTOR ABSORPTION
• ONLY IN ILEUM

Question 19

COLON

Answer 19

• only site excrete 100% POTASSIUM; HCO3 (duodenum also excrete and absorb)
• NO DIGESTION PROCESS/ENZYME
• DIARRHEA
• site of action for ALDOSTERONE
• absorb most of the water

Question 20

case:

site of development of diarrhea where patient presents with low serum potassium and HCO3

Answer 20

• COLON

Question 21

ALDOSTERONE works

Answer 21

• on the COLON

- and DISTAL TUBULE

Question 22

case:

patient with HEMOCHROMATOSIS site of defect

Answer 22

• DUODENUM

Question 23

case:
IRON OVERLOAD
HFe gene site of defect

Answer 23

• DUODENUM

Question 24

case:

IRON deposition in the heart, liver, skin, gonads site of defect

Answer 24

• DUODENUM

Question 25

case:
difference between 
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS 
vs
WHIPPLES DISEASE
TROPICAL SPRUE
CELIAC DISEASE

Answer 25

• DUODENAL MALABSORPTION OF IRON