GIT PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
Zollinger Ellison - Syndrome
- best diagnostic test
- SECRETIN TEST normal gastrin level should drop
- treatment PPI
acetylcholine increase
- on salivary glands increases salivary secretion increase Ach
- dry mouth decrease Ach
- increases GI motility, colonic motility, small intestine motility (excess Ach)
- detrusor muscle urinary retention (decrease)
- diarrhea
- angle closure glaucoma
- defecation
- constipation (decrease)
tricyclics anti depressant (anticholinergics)
- dry mouth
- urinary retention
- constipation
acetylcholine excess
- Myasthenia Gravis
- nerve gas attack
- crop duster
acetylcholine decrease
- pathologic decrease atropine
- ipatropium bromide
- tricyclic antidepressants
dementia therapy MG drugs
- donepazil
- ribosigmine
- galantimine
IT INCREASE ACETYLCHOLINE IN THE BRAIN
case:
patient on a dementia medication suddenly develops
increase salivation, urination, defecation
mechanism:
- increase acetylcholine in the brain
- acetylcholine increase GI motility, make the detrusor muscle contract
case:
patient with COPD under treatment suddenly develops constipation dry mouth
mechanism:
ipatropium bromide anti cholinergic
dyspnea, caused by asthma
- methacholine stimulation testing
sympathetic (NOREPINEPHRINE)
- GI motility is decreased
- dry decrease secretion
- increase constriction of sphincter
- SLOWS
- DRIES
- DILATES bronchi to increase oxygenation
ASTHMATICS
- treatment increase sympathetic
- beta agonist
- dilates and dries
NE and Epinephrine
- shut down bowels by contraction
- shut down saliva
- open eyes
- open bronchi
- constricts blood vessels to shunt blood from the skin to heart to brain
acetylcholine (parasympathetic)
- increase motility
- increase secretion
- decrease constrictions of sphincters
- AN INCREASE IN PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY PROMOTES DIGESTIVE AND ABSORPTIVE PROCESSES
gastrin- releasing peptide (GRP)
- vagus
- acetylcholine
- vagal stimulation increase salivation and GI motility (STRETCH OF THE STOMACH)
URGE INCONTINENCE (overactive bladder syndrome)
- medications such as antimuscarinic drugs (e.g., darifenacin, hyoscyamine, oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin, trospium, fesoterodine)
- anticholinergic
- SE dry mouth
exocrine
- to the duct
endocrine
- to the blood stream
paracrine
- histamine
secretin
- from the S cells lining the duodenum
- make HCO3 to neutralized the acid (from LIVER and PANCREAS)
pancreas produce mainly
- HCO3 and fluids 80-90% (PPI)
- insulin 1% controls the metabolic rate of cells in the body
CCK
- fats goes to duodenum, duodenal cells makes CCK make the pancreas secrete lipase and the gallbladder makes the bile
- no bile no fat absorption (saponification of the fats) lipase dissolve it for absorption
gallbladder contract
- sphincter of oddi open
1 stimulant for gastrin secretion (parasympathetic)
- distention/stretch of stomach stimulates vagus which makes acetylcholine which secretes gastrin
- GRP
protein peptides
- increase gastrin secretion (predominant product is acid pepsinogen)
- PEPSINOGEN digest protein
stretch of stomach
- time to digest
- by digesting proteins
- by increasing gastrin
- by increasing motility (the only function of gastrin, the only feedback inhibition, neural inhibition)
GASTRIN FUNCTIONS
by increasing motility (the only function of gastrin, the only feedback inhibition, neural inhibition)
GASTIC ULCERS ARE FROM
- PEPSIN
milk containing diet
- secretes gastrin
all are inhibitory except
- GASTRIN
GASTIC INHIBITORY PEPTIDE (GIP)
- are stimulated by CHO
- and increase INSULIN
CHO makes
- GIP to make insulin
which has a greater INCREASE IN INSULIN
oral glucose vs IV glucose
- oral sugars due to GIP
- all GI hormones INCREASE INSULIN but GIP INCREASES IT MORE
