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PHYSIOLOGY > regulation of BLOOD FLOW > Flashcards

regulation of BLOOD FLOW Flashcards

1
Q

REGULATION OF BLOOD FLOW

A
  • INTRINSIC

- EXTRINSIC

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2
Q

intrinsic

A
  • AUTO-REGULATION
  • MYOGENIC HYPOTHESIS
  • METABOLIC HYPOTHESIS
  • cerebral circulation
  • coronary circulation
  • exercising muscle
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3
Q

extrinsic

A
  • ANS
  • skin
  • resting muscle
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4
Q

INTRINSIC- cerebral circulation

A
  • PaCO2 arterial carbon dioxide is the main factor regulating cerebral blood flow
    hypoventilation- increases arterial PCO2, thus increase cerebral flow
    hyperventilation- decreases arterial PCO2, thus decrease cerebral flow
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5
Q

INTRINSIC- coronary circulation

A
  • Adenosine is the by product of ATP breakdown
  • vasodilate
  • anti-arrhythmias
  • recalcitron arrhythmias
  • slowing conduction in the heart
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6
Q

INTRINSIC- exercising muscle

A
  • lactic acid
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7
Q

INTRINSIC- MYOGENIC HYPOTHESIS

A
  • has stretch receptors dilate by increase flow to the organ to control the flow, pressure related
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8
Q

INTRINSIC- METABOLIC HYPOTHESIS

A
  • vasodilatory metabolite, dilates, chemical induce pressure, MOST COMMON
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9
Q

exercising individual

A
  • blood flow to the CEREBRAL circulation REMAIN THE SAME PaCO2 is normal
  • PaCO2 is the one that auto regulate the cerebral circulation
  • increase metabolism will increase carbon dioxide will be poured into the veins
  • INCREASING VENOUS CARBON DIOXIDE which then goes to the lung causing hyperventilation blowing excess CO2 out then PaCO2 will remain the same
  • INCREASE oxygenation of the flow to the brain
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10
Q

exercising individual

A 
MAP= CO x TPR
CO= HR x SV
- increase HR
- increase SV
- increase CO
- increase production of lactic acid (vasodilator increase radius decreasing resistance)
- normal MAP
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11
Q

normal exercise

A
  • INCREASE systolic pressure (aka CO, HR, SV)
  • DECREASE diastole (aka TPR) increase lactic acid
  • NORMAL/SAME MAP
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12
Q

RESTING MUSCLE (EXTRINSIC)

A
  • controlled mainly by increasing or decreasing sympathetic alpha 1 adrenergic activity (ANS)
  • in small contribution beta receptors also contribute tot blood flow
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13
Q

EXERCISING MUSCLE

A
  • mainly by vasodilatory (LACTIC ACID) metabolites
  • increase CO
  • beta 2 activation via EPINEPHRINE release via medulla of the ADRENAL GLAND hormonal causing increase flow
  • beta 2 agonist (albuterol, salbuterol) can activate the beta 2 receptor in the blood vessels causing vasodilation
  • decrease TPR causing diastolic hypotension
  • sympathetic adrenergic alpha 1 receptors NO EFFECT ON FLOW due to action of lactic acid
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14
Q

TPR proportional to

A
  • aka BLOOD PRESSURE
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15
Q

coronary circulation

A
  • controlled by ADENOSINE
  • pattern of control LV is most powerful than RV
  • thereby LV contracts it squeezes the large coronary vessels that control the systole, flow to the left side of the heart is diminished.
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16
Q

during diastole

A
  • most of the blood supply is abundant due to is relaxation states
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17
Q

coronary circulation

A
  • 5-10% of CO
  • by increasing the extraction of O2 from the blood
  • causing extremely LOW PO2 to compensate increase blood flow
  • A-V difference is LARGE
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18
Q

kidney receives

A
  • 20-25% CO
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19
Q

A-V DIFFERENCE

A
  • O2 extraction
20
Q

in the kidney

A
  • A-V difference is small
  • because the kidney receives large amount CO 20-25%
  • extraction is minimal
21
Q

in the heart

A
  • A-V difference is large
  • because the heart receives small amount of CO 5-10%
  • extraction is maximum
22
Q

pumping action CO

23
Q

hypertension

A
  • increase pressure work
  • increase afterload
  • increase O2 demand
24
Q

INTRINSIC- cerebral circulation

A
  • intracranial pressure is an important pathophysiologic factor that can affect cerebral blood flow
25
hypoventilation (alveolar ventilation is inverse to arterial CO2)
- increases arterial PCO2, thus increase cerebral flow
26
hyperventilation (alveolar ventilation is inverse to arterial CO2)
- decreases arterial PCO2, thus decrease cerebral flow
27
during normal exercise
- arterial CO2 remains the same | - cerebral flow is normal
28
cutaneous circulation(skin) (EXTRINSIC)
- controlled by SYMPATHETIC ADRENERGIC NERVES - constriction of arterioles decreases blood flow - constriction of venous plexus decrease blood volume in the skin - increase skin temperature directly causes VASODILATATION, increase heat loss - innervated by alpha 1 constricts (ANS) brain + alpha 1 vasoconstriction, decrease flow increase TPR - alpha 1 increase blood flow to the skin - beta 2 receptors non innervated, dilate, non ANS, + via hormones EPINEPHRINE causing vasodilation or drugs BETA 2 AGONIST ALBUTEROL decrease TPR, increase flow - AT II constriction of blood vessel decrease flow to skin
29
controlling temperature
via ETC | via HEAT LOSS thru skin
30
main source of heat in our body
- OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION - taking place electron transport chain - ADP==> ATP - O2 supply - heat is released
31
hyperthyroidism
- increase ETC
32
hypothyroidism
- decrease ETC
33
increase heat loss
- increase blood flow to the skin - ANS inhibit alpha 1 - vasodilate
34
decrease heat loss
- decrease blood flow to the skin - ANS stimulate alpha 1 - vasoconstrict
35
under normal circumstances KIDNEYS and SPLANCHNIC ORGANS blood supply is controlled by
- intrinsic circulation
36
under ABnormal circumstances KIDNEYS and SPLANCHNIC ORGANS blood supply is controlled by
- EXTRINSIC CIRCULATION | - e.g. severe hemorrhage causing decrease perfusion, and BP
37
pulmonary circuit is a
- low pressure circuit - small pressure gradient PA= pressure 15 mm Hg PV= pressure 5mm Hg pressure gradient= 10 mm Hg MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR HAS A VERY HIGH COMPLIANCE (change in volume/small change in pressure) - it respond to PO2 hypoxic vasoconstriction causing decrease flow - lung receives 100% CO large compliance inverse to resistance - very low resistance
38
sympathetic has no role in
- BLOOD FLOW
39
CO =
HR x SV
40
exercising LUNG
- increase HR - increase SV - increase CO - increase blood flow to the lung - increase compliance accommodate thus pressure kept almost NORMAL to slightly increase reason for not developing pulmonary hypertension
41
smoking, calcification of the arteries in the lung during exercise
- pressure increase due to loss of compliance in the lung - due to stiffness of the lung - causing pulmonary hypertension
42
deoxygenated(pulmonary artery) blood flow from
- RV (25 mm Hg) to the lungs (5-10 mm Hg) then back to oxygenated blood(pulmonary vein 5mm Hg pressure) to LA (5-10mm Hg)
43
pressure gradient in the lungs
- 5-10 mm Hg
44
artery pressure
- 15 mm Hg
45
lungs respond to hemorrhage
- is through COMPLIANCE nature circuit - increase constriction of blood vessel to maintain pressure - decrease volume, decrease CO

PHYSIOLOGY (40 decks)

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