Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHYSIOLOGY > regulation of BLOOD FLOW > Flashcards

regulation of BLOOD FLOW Flashcards

1
Q

REGULATION OF BLOOD FLOW

A
  • INTRINSIC

- EXTRINSIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

intrinsic

A
  • AUTO-REGULATION
  • MYOGENIC HYPOTHESIS
  • METABOLIC HYPOTHESIS
  • cerebral circulation
  • coronary circulation
  • exercising muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

extrinsic

A
  • ANS
  • skin
  • resting muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

INTRINSIC- cerebral circulation

A
  • PaCO2 arterial carbon dioxide is the main factor regulating cerebral blood flow
    hypoventilation- increases arterial PCO2, thus increase cerebral flow
    hyperventilation- decreases arterial PCO2, thus decrease cerebral flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

INTRINSIC- coronary circulation

A
  • Adenosine is the by product of ATP breakdown
  • vasodilate
  • anti-arrhythmias
  • recalcitron arrhythmias
  • slowing conduction in the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

INTRINSIC- exercising muscle

A
  • lactic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

INTRINSIC- MYOGENIC HYPOTHESIS

A
  • has stretch receptors dilate by increase flow to the organ to control the flow, pressure related
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

INTRINSIC- METABOLIC HYPOTHESIS

A
  • vasodilatory metabolite, dilates, chemical induce pressure, MOST COMMON
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

exercising individual

A
  • blood flow to the CEREBRAL circulation REMAIN THE SAME PaCO2 is normal
  • PaCO2 is the one that auto regulate the cerebral circulation
  • increase metabolism will increase carbon dioxide will be poured into the veins
  • INCREASING VENOUS CARBON DIOXIDE which then goes to the lung causing hyperventilation blowing excess CO2 out then PaCO2 will remain the same
  • INCREASE oxygenation of the flow to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

exercising individual

A 
MAP= CO x TPR
CO= HR x SV
- increase HR
- increase SV
- increase CO
- increase production of lactic acid (vasodilator increase radius decreasing resistance)
- normal MAP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal exercise

A
  • INCREASE systolic pressure (aka CO, HR, SV)
  • DECREASE diastole (aka TPR) increase lactic acid
  • NORMAL/SAME MAP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RESTING MUSCLE (EXTRINSIC)

A
  • controlled mainly by increasing or decreasing sympathetic alpha 1 adrenergic activity (ANS)
  • in small contribution beta receptors also contribute tot blood flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

EXERCISING MUSCLE

A
  • mainly by vasodilatory (LACTIC ACID) metabolites
  • increase CO
  • beta 2 activation via EPINEPHRINE release via medulla of the ADRENAL GLAND hormonal causing increase flow
  • beta 2 agonist (albuterol, salbuterol) can activate the beta 2 receptor in the blood vessels causing vasodilation
  • decrease TPR causing diastolic hypotension
  • sympathetic adrenergic alpha 1 receptors NO EFFECT ON FLOW due to action of lactic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TPR proportional to

A
  • aka BLOOD PRESSURE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

coronary circulation

A
  • controlled by ADENOSINE
  • pattern of control LV is most powerful than RV
  • thereby LV contracts it squeezes the large coronary vessels that control the systole, flow to the left side of the heart is diminished.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

during diastole

A
  • most of the blood supply is abundant due to is relaxation states
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

coronary circulation

A
  • 5-10% of CO
  • by increasing the extraction of O2 from the blood
  • causing extremely LOW PO2 to compensate increase blood flow
  • A-V difference is LARGE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

kidney receives

A
  • 20-25% CO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A-V DIFFERENCE

A
  • O2 extraction
20
Q

in the kidney

A
  • A-V difference is small
  • because the kidney receives large amount CO 20-25%
  • extraction is minimal
21
Q

in the heart

A
  • A-V difference is large
  • because the heart receives small amount of CO 5-10%
  • extraction is maximum
22
Q

pumping action CO

A

SV x HR

23
Q

hypertension

A
  • increase pressure work
  • increase afterload
  • increase O2 demand
24
Q

INTRINSIC- cerebral circulation

A
  • intracranial pressure is an important pathophysiologic factor that can affect cerebral blood flow
25
Q

hypoventilation (alveolar ventilation is inverse to arterial CO2)

A
  • increases arterial PCO2, thus increase cerebral flow
26
Q

hyperventilation (alveolar ventilation is inverse to arterial CO2)

A
  • decreases arterial PCO2, thus decrease cerebral flow
27
Q

during normal exercise

A
  • arterial CO2 remains the same

- cerebral flow is normal

28
Q

cutaneous circulation(skin) (EXTRINSIC)

A
  • controlled by SYMPATHETIC ADRENERGIC NERVES
  • constriction of arterioles decreases blood flow
  • constriction of venous plexus decrease blood volume in the skin
  • increase skin temperature directly causes VASODILATATION, increase heat loss
  • innervated by alpha 1 constricts (ANS)
    brain + alpha 1 vasoconstriction, decrease flow increase TPR - alpha 1 increase blood flow to the skin
  • beta 2 receptors non innervated, dilate, non ANS, + via hormones EPINEPHRINE causing vasodilation or drugs BETA 2 AGONIST ALBUTEROL decrease TPR, increase flow
  • AT II constriction of blood vessel decrease flow to skin
29
Q

controlling temperature

A

via ETC

via HEAT LOSS thru skin

30
Q

main source of heat in our body

A
  • OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
  • taking place electron transport chain
  • ADP==> ATP
  • O2 supply
  • heat is released
31
Q

hyperthyroidism

A
  • increase ETC
32
Q

hypothyroidism

A
  • decrease ETC
33
Q

increase heat loss

A
  • increase blood flow to the skin
  • ANS inhibit alpha 1
  • vasodilate
34
Q

decrease heat loss

A
  • decrease blood flow to the skin
  • ANS stimulate alpha 1
  • vasoconstrict
35
Q

under normal circumstances KIDNEYS and SPLANCHNIC ORGANS blood supply is controlled by

A
  • intrinsic circulation
36
Q

under ABnormal circumstances KIDNEYS and SPLANCHNIC ORGANS blood supply is controlled by

A
  • EXTRINSIC CIRCULATION

- e.g. severe hemorrhage causing decrease perfusion, and BP

37
Q

pulmonary circuit is a

A
  • low pressure circuit
  • small pressure gradient
    PA= pressure 15 mm Hg
    PV= pressure 5mm Hg
    pressure gradient= 10 mm Hg
    MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR HAS A VERY HIGH COMPLIANCE (change in volume/small change in pressure)
  • it respond to PO2 hypoxic vasoconstriction causing decrease flow
  • lung receives 100% CO large compliance inverse to resistance
  • very low resistance
38
Q

sympathetic has no role in

A
  • BLOOD FLOW
39
Q

CO =

A

HR x SV

40
Q

exercising LUNG

A
  • increase HR
  • increase SV
  • increase CO
  • increase blood flow to the lung
  • increase compliance accommodate thus pressure kept almost NORMAL to slightly increase reason for not developing pulmonary hypertension
41
Q

smoking, calcification of the arteries in the lung during exercise

A
  • pressure increase due to loss of compliance in the lung
  • due to stiffness of the lung
  • causing pulmonary hypertension
42
Q

deoxygenated(pulmonary artery) blood flow from

A
  • RV (25 mm Hg) to the lungs (5-10 mm Hg) then back to oxygenated blood(pulmonary vein 5mm Hg pressure) to LA (5-10mm Hg)
43
Q

pressure gradient in the lungs

A
  • 5-10 mm Hg
44
Q

artery pressure

A
  • 15 mm Hg
45
Q

lungs respond to hemorrhage

A
  • is through COMPLIANCE nature circuit
  • increase constriction of blood vessel to maintain pressure
  • decrease volume, decrease CO

PHYSIOLOGY (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions