SA: Male Disorders Flashcards
Cryptorchidism
Incidence is 0.8-10% of pop
Failure of testes to descend fully into the scrotum by 6m
Failure of stimulation of Gubernaculum, testosterone concentration too low
Dx Cryptorchidism
AMH, US, Abdominal exploratory sx**
Tx for Cryptorchidism
Remove all testicular tissue within the body (abdominal first then scrotum)
Do not perform _________ when tx Cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy
malpractice
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
80% in >5y, @9y 95% in any intact male
Testosterone —> DHT (active form)
CS of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Sanguinous prepucial discharge , hematuria, hemospermia, stranguria, tenesmus
Dx of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Palpation over rectum (done yearly, intact will have larger prostate)
US
Prostatic fluid cytology/ cx
Prostatitis
Sequela to BPH, acute or chronic
Male dogs present systemically ill with enlarged, painful prostate
Dx of prostatitis
3rd fraction of an ejaculate (purely prostatic fluid, cytology +/- cx or MIC)
Prostatic wash (cytology +/- cx)
US (+/- FNA)
Tx for the prostate
Removal of DHT influence**
Castration then finasteride for 8w
Abx for prostate tx
Other tx options done FIRST
Fluroquinolones**
TNS (no in dobermans, black or tan dogs)
What happens if prostatitis isn’t cleared?
Abscessation may occur and poor prognosis
Prostatic neoplasia
Low incidence (0.2-0.6%)
Adenocarcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma
Dx with prorectal exam
Testicular neoplasia
Sertoli cells tumor**, leydig and seminomas
Tx with bilateral castration
50% produce estrogen
Prolapsed urethra
Male dogs 1-5y
Blood from prepuce or penis, protrusion during collection, sometimes pain
Which breeds are prolapsed urethra mostly found in?
Bulldogs, english bulldogs, bullies predisposed
Tx of a prolapsed urethra
Urethral tacking +/- removal of tissue
Castration
Disorders of the scrotum
Testicular torsion (360 degree rotation)
Hydrocele (fluid)
Epididymitis or orchitis
Dx with US
Tx of scrotal disorders
Sx (unless breeding) →
Torsion: take out infected testes
Hydro: leave alone
Infertility
Complete history (#of bitches bred, how were they bred, meds or nutracuticals)
Complete PE (with thyroid panel)
Complete BSE (motility, morphology, concentration → with DACT or DECAR)
ART related to males
Semen freezing (max fertility, 2-5y)
Full BSE @ time of breeding
Dogs freezes best in pellets
2 doses for first breeding
