SA: Cytology and Breeding Management

Question 1

Vaginal cytology

Answer 1

Response of stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina to estrogen
Norm: thin, 2-4 cell layer thickness —> 20-40 cell layer thickness

Question 2

Significance of vaginal cytology

Answer 2

Protection of vagina against trauma (natural breeding)

Question 3

Vaginal cytology technique

Answer 3

1. Roll on slide (one direction)
2. Stain with Diff quick
3. Scan @ 10x
   looking for cell pop outside of bacteria

Question 4

Protestrus

Answer 4

Superficial epithelial cells (cornified, large angular cells with small/ no nuclei)
RBCs (diapedesis from uterus)
WBCs (variable, decrease overtime)
Debris in background

Question 5

Estrus

Answer 5

90% superficial epithelial cells
Little to no debris in background

Question 6

Diestral changes

Answer 6

Vulva swelling decreases and discharge disappears (2-3d)
Parabasal cells with neutros

Question 7

Pathologic condition of the bitch or queen that neutrons would be present

Answer 7

Pyometra

Question 8

Why is cytology useful?

Answer 8

Influence of estrogen
Inflammation (WBCs?)
Determine accurate due date (brachycephalic breeds) —> switch from superficial epithelial cells to parabasal (57d after shift)

Question 9

Pre-breeding concerns

Answer 9

Health testing: genetic dz
General health care: Vx, parasite control, physical
Upcoming breeding: planning and backup plan
Pre-breeding vaginal culture (useless unless inflamm)

Question 10

Routine breeding management

Answer 10

ID first day of vulvar discharge (day1)
ID first day of standing estrus
Breed every 2-3 days until no longer stands
Breed on day 10, 12, 14, out of estrus day 16-18

Question 11

Hormone profiles

Answer 11

Estrogen falls, P4 rises: standing behavior
LH and FSH peak @ onset of estrus

Question 12

Progesterone

Answer 12

Semi-quantitative ELISA
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Chemoluminescence
IDEXX Catalyst machine (not good clinically)

Question 13

Progesterone samples

Answer 13

Sample every MWF
<1 ng/ml = no luteal tissue
2 ng/ml = LH peak
5 (3-10) ng/ml= OV —> want to see 2 fold increase

Question 14

Time frame for using P4

Answer 14

OV 24-48 hr after LH peak (or first rise of progesterone)
OV takes 24-48 hrs (wave of OV and multiple follicles)
2 meiotic divisions must occur to be fertile (primary and secondary oocytes)
3-6d from LH peak- fertilization
3-4d from OV- peak fertility

Question 15

When should progesterone testing start?

Answer 15

P4 testing starts on day 5-7 of cycle

Question 16

Breeding management

Answer 16

Natural breeding: every other day
Ship chilled breeding: early, lasts 5-7 days
Frozen: on most fertile days, 3-4 post P4 or 5-7 post LH

Question 17

Vaginal AI

Answer 17

Large animals AI pipette
Placed @ cranial vaginal vault close to cervix

Question 18

Transcervical (TCI) AI

Answer 18

Endoscope- guided catheterization of the cervix and placed directly in uterus
Frozen or low quality semen

Question 19

Surgical (SAI)

Answer 19

Laparotomy with semen via injection within the uterine hymen

Question 20

K9 brucellosis

Answer 20

Brucella Canis transmitted via mucocutanous junction
Abortion due to placentitis (female)
Orchititis/ epididymitis (male)
Carries asymptomatic and non treatable

Question 21

Why is K9 brucellosis shown as a reproductive manifestation?

Answer 21

Erythritol in placenta and epididymus

Question 22

When do you test for K9 brucellosis

Answer 22

Every cycle the bitch is bred
Every 3-6m in a dog actively breeding or before every breeding

Question 23

Dx K9 brucellosis

Answer 23

PCR (active infection)
Culture (gold standard- difficult, acute phase)
Rapid slide agglutination test
Tube agglutination test (titers)
AGID
IFA

Question 24

Interpreting brucellosis results

Answer 24

False - : early in the dz process, 4-6w after tx
False + : lack of specificity test, cross reactivity with other Ags (Bordetella)

Question 25

Brucellosis plan after testing

Answer 25

+on slide test : AGID to rule out false positive or PCR
+ with CS: Culture of blood or discharge or PCR
- with CS: 3 monthly tests required to rule out (+quarantine)

Question 26

Feline breeding management

Answer 26

Natural breeding
Copulation necessary for OV unless GnRH/ hCG given
Multiple breeding times endure complete OV (4)
Bring queen to males territory