SA: Cytology and Breeding Management Flashcards
Vaginal cytology
Response of stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina to estrogen
Norm: thin, 2-4 cell layer thickness —> 20-40 cell layer thickness
Significance of vaginal cytology
Protection of vagina against trauma (natural breeding)
Vaginal cytology technique
- Roll on slide (one direction)
- Stain with Diff quick
- Scan @ 10x
looking for cell pop outside of bacteria
Protestrus
Superficial epithelial cells (cornified, large angular cells with small/ no nuclei)
RBCs (diapedesis from uterus)
WBCs (variable, decrease overtime)
Debris in background
Estrus
90% superficial epithelial cells
Little to no debris in background
Diestral changes
Vulva swelling decreases and discharge disappears (2-3d)
Parabasal cells with neutros
Pathologic condition of the bitch or queen that neutrons would be present
Pyometra
Why is cytology useful?
Influence of estrogen
Inflammation (WBCs?)
Determine accurate due date (brachycephalic breeds) —> switch from superficial epithelial cells to parabasal (57d after shift)
Pre-breeding concerns
Health testing: genetic dz
General health care: Vx, parasite control, physical
Upcoming breeding: planning and backup plan
Pre-breeding vaginal culture (useless unless inflamm)
Routine breeding management
ID first day of vulvar discharge (day1)
ID first day of standing estrus
Breed every 2-3 days until no longer stands
Breed on day 10, 12, 14, out of estrus day 16-18
Hormone profiles
Estrogen falls, P4 rises: standing behavior
LH and FSH peak @ onset of estrus
Progesterone
Semi-quantitative ELISA
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Chemoluminescence
IDEXX Catalyst machine (not good clinically)
Progesterone samples
Sample every MWF
<1 ng/ml = no luteal tissue
2 ng/ml = LH peak
5 (3-10) ng/ml= OV —> want to see 2 fold increase
Time frame for using P4
OV 24-48 hr after LH peak (or first rise of progesterone)
OV takes 24-48 hrs (wave of OV and multiple follicles)
2 meiotic divisions must occur to be fertile (primary and secondary oocytes)
3-6d from LH peak- fertilization
3-4d from OV- peak fertility
When should progesterone testing start?
P4 testing starts on day 5-7 of cycle
Breeding management
Natural breeding: every other day
Ship chilled breeding: early, lasts 5-7 days
Frozen: on most fertile days, 3-4 post P4 or 5-7 post LH
Vaginal AI
Large animals AI pipette
Placed @ cranial vaginal vault close to cervix
Transcervical (TCI) AI
Endoscope- guided catheterization of the cervix and placed directly in uterus
Frozen or low quality semen
Surgical (SAI)
Laparotomy with semen via injection within the uterine hymen
K9 brucellosis
Brucella Canis transmitted via mucocutanous junction
Abortion due to placentitis (female)
Orchititis/ epididymitis (male)
Carries asymptomatic and non treatable
Why is K9 brucellosis shown as a reproductive manifestation?
Erythritol in placenta and epididymus
When do you test for K9 brucellosis
Every cycle the bitch is bred
Every 3-6m in a dog actively breeding or before every breeding
Dx K9 brucellosis
PCR (active infection)
Culture (gold standard- difficult, acute phase)
Rapid slide agglutination test
Tube agglutination test (titers)
AGID
IFA
Interpreting brucellosis results
False - : early in the dz process, 4-6w after tx
False + : lack of specificity test, cross reactivity with other Ags (Bordetella)
Brucellosis plan after testing
+on slide test : AGID to rule out false positive or PCR
+ with CS: Culture of blood or discharge or PCR
- with CS: 3 monthly tests required to rule out (+quarantine)
Feline breeding management
Natural breeding
Copulation necessary for OV unless GnRH/ hCG given
Multiple breeding times endure complete OV (4)
Bring queen to males territory
