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.theriogenology > Reproductive failure and emergencies in swine > Flashcards

Reproductive failure and emergencies in swine Flashcards

1
Q

Most common reason for culling

A

Insufficient reproductive performance: no pregnancy, too little piglets weaned, no estrus

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2
Q

Female related signs of reproductive failure

A

Anestrus post-weaning sows
Regular and irregular return in heat
No pregnancy
Abortion
Peripartum difficulties

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3
Q

Male related signs of reproductive failure

A

Age
Systemic diseases
Genetics
Season/ temperature
# of matings
Azoospermia/ oligospermia

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4
Q

Shared signs related to reproductive failure

A

Repeat breeding and fewer piglets per litter

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5
Q

Prolonged weaning to estrus interval (WEI)

A

95% in heat within 7 days from weaning
Primiparous in summertime (acyclic ovaries)

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6
Q

Failure to detect heat

A

Silent heat
Fail if not using a mature boar

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7
Q

Cystic ovarian disorder

A

Nymphomania
Cystic ovarian follicles seen in sows culled du to insufficient reproductive performance

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8
Q

Zearalenone in pigs

A

Produced by Fusarium granineraum and F. culmorum
Affects corn, wheat, sorghum, barely and rye
Mold germinates with moisture levels above 20% and temps from 65-85F

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9
Q

Acute signs of Zearalenone

A

Vulvovaginitis
Vulva reddening
Vulva swelling
Ceased embryo development

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10
Q

Chronic signs of Zearalenone

A

Irreg estrus cycle
Reduced birth size of piglet
Vaginal or rectal prolapse
↑ # of mummies

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11
Q

Signs of Zearalenone in boars

A

Enlargement of mammary gland and testicular atrophy

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12
Q

Boar with history of lower litter size

A

Chromosomal abnormalities
Large white, swedish large white and Gasconne breeds
New translocation rcp

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13
Q

Penile injuries

A

Incidence is 64-95% in boars but not barrows

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14
Q

Parvovirus @ <30 days of gestation

A

Embryonic death with resorption= infertility or ↓ litter sizes

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15
Q

Parvovirus between 30-70 days of gestation

A

Fetal mummification

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16
Q

Parvovirus diagnosis

A

Most often in gilts
Infection endemic and inapparent
Dx by IFAT of lungs of mummies (<16 cm long)

17
Q

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)- Arterivirus

A

Late gestation abortions, stillbirths, premature farrowing, birth of weak (squeaker)
Respiratory symptoms in the dam
Improved reproductive performance after 3-5 months

18
Q

PRRS diagnosis

A

PCR on serum from acutely ill sows
Serology on convalescent sows
PCR/ fluids from aborted piglets

19
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Abortions and stillbirths in late pregnancy
Piglets weak and die within a few days
Focal nephritis and hepatitis in fetuses or older

20
Q

Leptospirosis diagnosis

A

Herd serology
IFAT, PCR on fetal tissues

21
Q

Pseudorabies (PRV)- Herpesvirus

A

Initially abortions or respiratory signs
CNS or sudden death in young piglets
Mortality high, ↓ with age

22
Q

Pseudorabies diagnosis

A

Serology, virus isolation, IHC, PCR
Eradicated from US since 2004

23
Q

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)- Family circoviridae

A

May cause myocolonia congenita
Sporadic outbreaks of fetal death/ mummification

24
Q

PCV2 diagnosis

A

PCR in serum or tissues of presuckle piglets with myoclonia congenita
Lesions and virus detectable in hearts of aborted/ mummified fetuses

25
Q

Brucellosis- Brucella suis

A

Infertility
Reproductive failure
Abortions at any stage of pregnancy
Adults: lameness/ paralysis
Older boars: orchitis

26
Q

Brucellosis important info

A

Nearing eradication in the US
Serious zoonosis
Dx:serologic tests

27
Q

Farrowing fever complex CS

A

Hard painful udder
Slow parturition
Constipation
Failure to pass placentas
Anorexia
Fever pyrexia

28
Q

Treatment of farrowing fever complex

A

Remove any dead piglets and placenta
Abx
NSAIDs
Oxytocin

29
Q

Postpartum problems

A

MMA complex: metritis, mastitis, agalactia
Agalactia/ hypogalactia or dysgalactia
Savaging, anorexia, constipation
Downer sow syndrome: fractures
Uterine/ vaginal/ rectal prolapse

30
Q

What is hypogalactia caused by?

A

Infectious diseases, hormonal imbalances, poor nutrition, molds, toxins, temp stresses

31
Q

Neonatal care

A

Dry, warm, free from drafts
Stand 1-2 mins, suckles within 15
Temps 102-104F (lose heat rapidly)

32
Q

Colostrum

A

Piglets have colostrum within first hour
IgG level drop 50% in first 6 hrs

33
Q

Split suckling

A

After the largest piglets nursed, remove them from the litter and place them in a heated box for 1-2 hrs

34
Q

Piglets processing

A

Iron deficiency: admin iron dextran IM
Notch ears
Cut tail
Trim teeth and castration

35
Q

What are the most common causes of neonatal death

A

Stillbirth (premature rupture umbilicus cord, older sows)
Trauma, chilling, starvation
Diarrhea (E. coli, isosopora, clostridium p. C, TGE, rotavirus)

.theriogenology (36 decks)

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