ET: Artificial Light and BSE Flashcards
Caslick’s vulvoplasty
Protects the uterus from ascending infection or contamination of the vulvar lips, vestibular sphincter and cervix
Common lesions seen with a perineal examination
Melanomas, squamous cell carcinoma
Lacerations (secondary to dystocia)
Bacterial population in the uterus
↓ from outermost to innermost
Perineum → vestibule → vagina → cervix → uterus
Normal uterine lumen is sterile
Uterine culture
99% aerobes
85% B-hemolytic strepococci
Few anaerobes (E. coli)
T/F: Always confirm mare is open (not pregnant) before doing a Cx or Bx (biopsy)
TRUE
When do you perform a biopsy?
Pre-purchase, gross abnormalities, pyo or mucometra, mare bred but still open, history of EED or fetal death, genital sx
When is an endometrial biopsy necessary?
Third degree rectovaginal fistula
Chronic pyometra
Endometrial biopsy
Determines the ability of the endometrium to sustain a pregnancy to term gestation
Reveals: inflammatory cells, condition of uterine glands and lymphatics and periglandular fibrosis
Endometrium
Folds from lips of the uterine horns to the internal cervical os
Luminal epithelium + lamina propria
Endometrial biopsy classification + Foaling %
1 (80%), 2a (50-80%, 2b (30-50%) and 3 (10%)
Uterine defense mechanisms against recurrent endometritis
Phagocytosis (PMNs)
Local uterine Ab mediated (serum proteins, Igs)
Physical clearance (bacteria and inflamm. products)
Susceptible mare following breeding
Persistent inflamm.
↑ micovascular permeability
Fluid accum.
Interference with conception or results in EED
Physical clearance mechanism for uterine contamination or infection
Myometrial electrical activity in resistant and susceptible mares similar for first 6-8 hrs
Resistant: activity continues up to 24 hrs
Susceptible: activity drops off
Post-mating induced endometritis (PMIE)
Treated with uterine irrigation and ecbolics
Acute treated with abx
Mycolytics, steroids and buffered chelating agents
Options for uterine therapy
Oxytocin post-breeding *, if ineffective:
Uterine flush or intrauterine abx (saline flush before), systemic abx
Once daily 3-5 days
Primary rule outs for Large Ovary Syndrome (LOS)
Persistent follicles, hematomas and granulosa cell tumor
Persistent follicle
Late vernal, early autumnal transition
Prolonged estrus
Large, fluid filled structure
Hematoma
Ovulatory
Recently in estrus, teasing out
Large, fluid filled with speckles and ground glass, luteinize in time
Granulosa cell tumor
Any season
Opposite ovary ↓ size and activity
80% estrus, 15% ↑ aggression, 5% chr. estrus behavior
Swiss cheese, fenestrations
Tx of granulosa cell tumor
Ovariectomy of affected gland
Secondary rule outs for LOS
Teratoma, dysgerminoma, abscess
Ovarian abscess
Any season
Enlarged fluid core of ovary
OVX of affected gland
Teratoma
Mixture of cells: menisci, bone, joint fluid, teeth, hair
Structures filled with a viscous, dark red and black fluid
↑ in size (ovary)
