ET: Stallions Flashcards
When are BSEs done on a stallion
Pre-purchase exam
Prior to campaigning (fall or winter)
Prior to purchasing insurance
Why to do a BSE?
Conception rate less for stallion than previous seasons
Mare bred = vulvar discharge post-breeding
Planning to ship or freeze semen
Pregnancy wastage
Loss that occurs from conception to pregnancy to foaling to weaning
minimize loss between conception and foaling
Number of mares that can be bred per ejaculate
<1 to 25+
Stallion of average fertility
Capable of breeding 6-10 mares
Semen evaluation
Minimum 2 collections, 1 hour apart
Motility, volume, concentration, morphology
NucleoCounter
Mammalian cell counter
Detect signals from fluorescent dye, propidium iodide that binds to DNA
Can count cells that have been extended
Extender solutions
Compatible with spermatozoa
Use to protect viability with buffers, nutrients, protects against cold shock, ↑ total vol of ejaculate
Commercial containers
Used to extend longevity and protect sample quality
How much semen can you ship?
Highly concentrated to diluted: 25 to 50 mill per mL
Measurement of testes
Calipers
Stabilize tests and scrotum and measure by ultrasound: craniocaudal, dorsoventral, mediallateral
Spermatozoa production is related to ____________
Grams of testicular tissue (size and tone does matter)
Penis and urethra
Erectile tissue
6-10 pulsations palpable with a complete ejaculate
Sperm- rich= within first 3 pulses
End of penis bells (flowers) is within first 3 pulses
Urethra is palpable on the _________ surface
Ventral
Methods of collection
Intact mares in estrus
Jump mare
Phantom/ dummy mount
Hot compresses or Av for a 4 on the floor/ ground collection
T/F: Anything contacting semen/ spermatozoa must be pre-warmed to prevent cold-shock
TRUE
Condom (semen collection)
Advantage: less expensive and less chance of injury to handler
Disadvantage: semen more contaminated, break, need made in estrus
Artificial vagina
Requires water temp, pressure, lubrication that stallion will accept
Missouri model
Semen collection with an AV
In line-filter: cotton and nylon
Sterile disposable bags
Single use plastic liners either bag or bottle attached
Prepuce
Inner and outer layers provide protection for the non-erect penis
Penile paralysis (flaccid penis) causes
From phenothiazine-based tranquilizers (also with priapism)
Spinal disease
Trauma
Infectious diseases
Priapism
Persistent erection without sexual arousal, failure to detumesce
Priapism causes
After admin of phenothiazine tranquilizers
Protracted engorgement of the CCP with blood
Phimosis
Inability to exteroize the penis
From congenital/ acquired constriction of the preputial orifice/ preputial ring
Paraphimosis
The inability to retract the penis into the prepuce as a result of preputial injury or disease (acute preputial trauma, debility, paralysis, etc)
Testicular neoplasia
Cryptorchid tests have and increased incidence of neoplasia
Seminoma > teratoma > adenoma > serotonin cell tumor
