Reproductive system in boars

Question 1

Prepubertal development and puberty

Answer 1

Testes fully descended at birth
Cryptorchidism heritable
Juvenile penis lacks sigmoid flexure and attached to prepuce by frenulum

Question 2

Sperm production

Answer 2

Based on sertoli cell # that proliferate @ birth- 1 month and 3-4 months
In epididymus @ 4.5 months

Question 3

Adequate ejaculation and libido after __________

Answer 3

5 months

Question 4

Boar spermatogenesis

Answer 4

38 days in spermatogenic cycle
12 days in epididymal transit

Question 5

What should you look for in a PE to prevent breeding?

Answer 5

Locomotion (OCD and DJD)- lameness
Atrophic rhinitis (nasal discharge)
Parasites

Question 6

What infectious diseases should you test for before breeding?

Answer 6

Aujeszky’s disease virus, Brucella suis, PRRSV, SIV, TDEV, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leptospirosis

Question 7

Examination of the external genitalia

Answer 7

Testicular palpation and measurement
Palpation of penis and sigmoid flexure
Evaluation of prepuce and preputial diverticulum
Examination of nipples

Question 8

Different forms if semen collection

Answer 8

Double glove (vinyl) hand technique
Artificial vagina
Electroejaculation
after 2-4 days of sexual rest

Question 9

Pre-ejaculate

Answer 9

Prostatic and seminal vesicles fluid (5-15 mL and clear)

Question 10

What is gel fraction produced by?

Answer 10

Bulbourethral glands

Question 11

Semen volume

Answer 11

Creamy
100-300 ml in young boar
500 in adult boars

Question 12

Semen evaluation

Answer 12

Milky (average)
Progressive motility
Over 70-80% good

Question 13

Sperm processing for AI

Answer 13

Boar needs to be trained to the phantom
Use of boar pheromones
PGF2a use pre-collection
2 collection/ week

Question 14

Semen collection frequency

Answer 14

< 8 months: once every 7-10 days
8-10 months: once every 7 dys
10-12 months: up to 3 times in 14 days (every 4-5 days)
12+: twice a week

Question 15

AI dose

Answer 15

80 ml of semen/dose

Question 16

Semen storage

Answer 16

1 billion spermatozoa or more for everyday in storage
Stored @ 15-18 C in continuous agitation

Question 17

Dose (N) calculation

Answer 17

N = V x spz/ml x mot x norm / DMI

Spz/ml= spermatozoi per ml
Mot= motility
Norm = normal morphology
DMI= minimum insemination dose

Question 18

Frozen semen

Answer 18

Less than 1% of all inseminations
20% or more lower than fresh or cooled semen

Question 19

Reasons for poor quality of frozen sperm

Answer 19

Sperm don’t survive cold shock because neither egg yolk or milk proteins protect the cells
Glycerol best cryoprotectant for boar semen but it’s toxic for cells
Have low cholesterol/ phospholipids ratio of their membrane

Question 20

Diverticulectomy steps

Answer 20

1. General anesthesia
2. Place in lateral recumbency
3. Evacuate preputial fluid
4. Instill dilute iodine solution into the preputial diverticulum
5. 5-8 cm incision on the dorsolateral aspect of the prepuce
6. Dissection through skin, adipose tissue, and cranial preputial muscle layer
7. Blunt dissection of both sacs of the diverticulum using gauze squares to free it from surrounding CT
8. Identify the neck of the diverticulum
9. Place a purse string suture around the neck of the diverticulum
10. Don’t tie off until it’s grasped with Allis forceps and inverted out the preputial orifice
11. Tie the knot and close the incision with a 2-layer continuous suture pattern