SA: Gonadectomy Flashcards
Why is this being done for small animals?
Population control
Heritable dz control
Management
Techniques for gonadectomies
Sx (most common)
Chemical (zinc sulfate- intratesticular)
Hormonal (ovuplant- no anesthesia, GnRH vx)
Optimal age of sx
Based on overall incidence (breed, country of origin, use of animal, co-mobidities)
Bifurcate the issue
Usually 6-9m
K9 mammary tumors
Most commonly dx neoplasm of bitches @ 8-11y
Small breed (mini and toy)
Location of K9 mammary tumors
50% in single gland
70% in caudal glands
40-60% malignant
Feline mammary tumors
Less common and malignant (85-95%) @ 10-12y
Multiple masses with ulcers of skin
________ more likely to have a mammary tumor
Intact queens
1/3 or more will metastasize to local LN
Determining mammary tumors
Use more current grading scheme
No good prognostic data
Biologic behavior of tumor varies
Impressions
No chain mastectomies (unless needed)
Why is there an ↑ in neoplasias in animals desexed?
Hormones
Overstimulation of the HPG axis due to negative feedback loops
↑ LH!!
Where are LH receptors found (+ neoplasias)?
Adrenal cortex
Bladder and urethra
Skin
Hemangiosarcoma
Mast cell tumor
Circulating lymphocytes
Recommendations for gonadectomy
If not owned, do it when there anesthetically safe (YES in cats)
If owned (breed, sex, owner compliance, use of animal, education) depends
Unknown history
Cyclicity showing?
Secondary sex characteristics → muscling, interest in estrual females
Thorough PE
Scrotum, penis, mammary glands
Palpation per rectum→ ovaries, intrabdominal testes, uterus, cervix, cd. pole of kidney to inguinal rings
Dx
Ultrasound
Vaginal cytology *
Hormonal (AMH serum test, LH test- not if in heat, progesterone)
Stimulation test
Karyotype (academic)
Cryptorchid males
Remove all testicular tissue
Heritable
Intrabdominal testes 85% more likely to have a tumor
