Ruminant pt 1 Flashcards
Where is fermentative digestion?
Foregut and hindgut
Where is glandular digestion?
Midgut: Abomasum and small intestine (Accessory organs: liver and pancreas)
What is the flow of events in fermentative digestion?
Starch broke down by microbial amylase-> glucose->VFA-> Absorbed and metabolized by the animal
Describe glandular digestion.
- Enzymes are from the host
- Rxn rate fast
- Substrate alteration is less
Describe fermentative digestion.
- Enzymes from microbes
- Rxn rates slow
- Substrate alteration is high
Why is motility so important?
- Digestion: mixing and transit
- Important for rumination and eructation
What is the major portion of the ruminant GI tract?
Stomach
What is the major difference between rumen and cecal fermentation?
Microbes are a source of protein in ruminants (why horse feeds are high in protein)
What portion of the stomach is very small in sheep?
Omasum
How does milk bypass the rumen in neonates?
Suckling of the teat causes contraction of the reticular groove where the two lips contract and close and make a funnel to the omasum and abomasum
What is the potential applications of the reticular groove?
-Oral administration of therapeutic agents
-Dietary supplementation of nutrients
DOn’t want microbes digesting this
What are clinical signs of reticular groove dysfunction in calves?
- Dehydrated
- Poor body score
- Arched back
- Poor appetite
- Recurring bloat
- Scouring
- Hair loss
- Poor condition
What is the treatment of reticular groove dysfunction?
Feed smaller volumes more frequently. Infuse warm electrolyte solution with bicarb to alleviate ruminal acidosis
What are the layers of the ruminal wall?
Epithelium
Muscular (deep and superficial)
Serous (peritoneum)
Reticular groove dysfunction results in…
Milk enters rumen and is fermented into VFA and lactic acid and causes ruminal acidosis, ruminitis, hyperkeratosis, and impaired ruminal motility
