Monogastric pt 6

Question 1

What are the two processes that adequate nutrition rely on?

Answer 1

• Digestion: chemical and mechanical

- Absorption

Question 2

What are the three levels of surface area amplificaiton?

Answer 2

• Mucosal folds (plica circulares)
• Villi
• Microvilli

Question 3

What is on the apical surface of microvilli?

Answer 3

Glycocalyx that contain digestive enzymes

Question 4

Is the SI epithelium leaky?

Answer 4

You betcha

Question 5

What is the problem with the glycocalyx layer?

Answer 5

Creates an unstirred layer that is a barrier to diffusion. Nutrients must pass through the unstirred layer to be absorbed

Question 6

What are the phases of the enzymatic digestion?

Answer 6

• Luminal: Large polymers

- Membranous: small polymers from luminal phase

Question 7

How are fibers from plants digested?

Answer 7

Not hydrolyzed but fermented

Question 8

What is starch composed of?

Answer 8

Amylose and amylopectin
Straight chain alpha 1->4
Branched chain alpha1->6

Question 9

What can cleave alpha 1,4 bonds?

Answer 9

Alpha amylase

Question 10

What are the types of proteolytic enzymes?

Answer 10

• Endopeptidase: cleave in the middle no free aa

- Exopeptidases: end cleavage free aa released

Question 11

What are proteolytic enzymes released by gastric glands

Answer 11

• Pepsin

- Chymosin (curdles milk)

Question 12

What proteolytic enzymes are released by the pancreas?

Answer 12

• Trypsin
• Chymotrypsin
• Elastase
• Carboxypeptidase A and B

Question 13

What is an important activator of zymogens?

Answer 13

Trypsin. Starts running around and cutting stuff up (cascading activation)

Question 14

Where does luminal digestion begin?

Answer 14

Stomach ( important but not essential for digestion)