Monogastric pt 4

Question 1

What are the digestive phase motility patterns in the SI?

Answer 1

• Propulsive

- Non-propulsive

Question 2

What is propulsive motility?

Answer 2

• Aboral mvmt
• Peristaltic
• Slow waves
• Travel short distances

Question 3

What is non-propulsive motility?

Answer 3

• Segmentation results from localized contractions
• 3-4 cm long
• Mixing action

Question 4

What are the phases of interdigestive phase motility?

Answer 4

I- duodenal to ileal slpw waves

III- trigger AP and peristaltic contractions

Question 5

What drives inter-digestive phase motility?

Answer 5

Migrating motility complex (MMC)

Question 6

What is the function of the colon?

Answer 6

• Water and electrolyte absorption
• Fermentation of unabsorbed organic matter
• Storage of feces

Question 7

What does colonic motility facilitate?

Answer 7

Mixing and thereby optimizes colonic functions

Question 8

Where do horses get their high levels of energy?

Answer 8

Through fermentation with a correlation between colon size / structure

Question 9

What are structural specializations in the equine colon?

Answer 9

• Haustra

- Segmentation

Question 10

What allows form such strong mixing in the colon?

Answer 10

Retropulsion in more proximal regions

Question 11

What are pacemaker regions?

Answer 11

Can move to region in which mixing is required and are excitable arease that lead to motility

Question 12

What processes are influenced by colonic motility?

Answer 12

• Absorption

- Fermentation

Question 13

Where are the colonic pacemakers?

Answer 13

Dog- junction between transverse and descending colon segments
Horse- pelvic flexure

Question 14

Describe the anal sphincters?

Answer 14

Internal and external.
Internal- circular smooth muscle. relaxation (PSNS) Contraction (SNS)
External- striated muscel controlled by pudendal nerve

Question 15

What is in the crop in birds?

Answer 15

Under vagal control. Esophageal outpouching get mucous secretion and used as storage of food for young

Question 16

What is the proventriculus?

Answer 16

Glandular stomach. Low volume. Food mixed with glandular secretion in preparation for gizzard

Question 17

What is the ventriculus?

Answer 17

Muscular stomach (gizzard). Koilin lining and has advanced grinding function and has some retention of indigestible material. Has grit

Question 18

Is there physical separation of gastric components in birds?

Answer 18

YES

Question 19

Small intestine in birds?

Answer 19

Motility similar to mammals

Question 20

Ceca in birds?

Answer 20

• Paired
• Urinary excretions
• Reabsorption of water and electrolytes

Question 21

Colon and rectum in birds?

Answer 21

Reverse peristalsis of contents back to ceca. Urine and feces exit at the same hole (Cloaca)

Question 22

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 22

• Lubrication
• Bactericidal
• Digestion
• Cooling

Question 23

What type of saliva do animals have?

Answer 23

Hypotonic as it leaves the duct. Isotonic as a primary acinar secretion (ruminants have isotonic)

Question 24

What are the three major types of salivary glands?

Answer 24

• Parotid
• Submaxilllary
• Sublingual

Question 25

What type of secretions does the parotid have?

Answer 25

Serous

Question 26

What type of secretion does submaxillary have?

Answer 26

Mixed

Question 27

What type of secretions does sublingual have?

Answer 27

Mucous

Question 28

How does serous acinar cells secrete fluid?

Answer 28

1. Cl (2Cl K Na) and HCO3 secretion generates lumen negative potential
2. Na paracellular transport
3. Water follows
   Fluid leaving is isotonic

Question 29

How does saliva end up hypotonic?

Answer 29

• Na absorption (ENaC and Na/H exchanger)
• Cl reabsorption and HCO3 secretion
• K secretion
• NO water permeability

Question 30

What is different about ruminant saliva?

Answer 30

• High in PO4, HCO3m abd pH in order to neutralize acidity from fermentation
• Impeding salivation results in acidosis
• Copious volumes
• Little ductal reabsorption

Question 31

CNS regulation of saliva

Answer 31

• PSNS: VII and IX at cholinergic receptors

- SNS: beta receptors