Monogastric pt 7

Question 1

What are the steps in membranous phase of digestion?

Answer 1

1. Enzymes synthesized in the enterocytes
2. Enzyme reaches apical surface
3. Substrate contacts enzyme

Question 2

What are the products of amylose and amylopectin in the luminal phase digestion?

Answer 2

• Maltose
• Isomaltose
• Maltotriose

Question 3

What is the end absorbed product after the membranous phase of digestion?

Answer 3

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

Question 4

What can GLUT 5 transport?

Answer 4

Fructose and glucose

Question 5

What can SGLT1 carry?

Answer 5

Glucose and galactose

Question 6

Describe the membranous digestion of poly peptides?

Answer 6

Apical transporters move them into the enterocyte (PepT1). Intracellular peptidases digest them into aa which are transported across the basolateral membrane

Question 7

Where is the absorption phase of digestion?

Answer 7

Enterocytes that absorb products of luminal and membranous phase of digestion

Question 8

What are the ground rules for the movement of nutrients?

Answer 8

• Move down electrochemical gradient

- Move towards opposite charge

Question 9

Transport of what depends on the Na gradient?

Answer 9

• Glucose
• Galactose
• AA

Question 10

What GLUT channel accepts all forms of sugars on the basolateral side?

Answer 10

GLUT 2

Question 11

Which sugar transporter uses passive transport?

Answer 11

GLUT 5

Question 12

Which sugar transporter is secondary active transport?

Answer 12

SGLT 1

Question 13

Is Na important of nah?

Answer 13

It’s pretty important dawg. Lots of co-transporters

Question 14

What are the types of fats?

Answer 14

• Triglycerides (plant and animal)
• Cholesterol and cholesterol ester (plant, animal ,waxes)
• Phospholipid (plant and animal)
• Vitamins (A,D,E,K)

Question 15

What type of diet leads to more digestion of lipids?

Answer 15

Carnivores

Question 16

Fat digestion relies on…

Answer 16

Mechanical processes (emulsification) and chemical processes (hydrolysis)

Question 17

What are the steps in digestion of fats?

Answer 17

1. emulsification
2. Hydrolysis
3. Micelle formation
4. Absorption

Question 18

What is emulsification?

Answer 18

Lipids are reduced in size to make a stable suspension and in the SI bile is released and the bile salt surrounds it and reduces surface tension and particle size

Question 19

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 19

Pancreatic lipase and co-lipase cleave

-Triglycerides -> fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 20

What is micelle formation?

Answer 20

Product of lipid hydrolysis ( much smaller) with bile acids and phospholipids. Tranfer the components to the apical membrane to be absorbed

Question 21

How do micelles enter enterocytes?

Answer 21

Go through the unstirred layer and get close to the apical membrane and fatty acid binding proteins on the apical surface that brings in the lipids.

Question 22

What happens to lipids once they enter the enterocyte?

Answer 22

RER repackages them (much bigger) to make chylomicrons and they then enter the circulation through the lymphatics to then enter the vena cava

Question 23

How are bile acids absorbed?

Answer 23

Takin in by apical Na-BA transporter and the taken out by organic solute transporter on the basolateral side