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Physiology II > Male repro 2 > Flashcards

Male repro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathway of sperm out of the testes?

A

Seminiferous ducts-> Straight ducts-> Rete testes-> Efferent ducts-> Epididymis-> Ductus deferens-> ejaculatory ducts->Urethra

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2
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

Highly coiled tube that connects the testes to the vas deferens

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3
Q

What are the zones of the epidiymis?

A

Caput, corpus, cauda

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4
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A
  1. Store sperm
  2. Transport sperm
  3. Protect sperm
  4. Maturation of sperm
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5
Q

What are the hormones i the epididymis?

A
  • Androgens
  • Estrogens
  • Activins/follistatin
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6
Q

What happens as sperm moves down the epididymis?

A

Fluid absorption in order to concentrate the sperm levels. This is under the control of estradiol

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7
Q

How is sperm moved through the epididymis?

A

Peristaltic movement moves immotile sperm from the head to the tail where it stays until sexual stimulation

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8
Q

What are epididymosomes?

A

Secreted as move to the tail and absorbs into the sperm and lose their cytoplasmic droplet, become mobile and have mature acrosome

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9
Q

What is the purpose of luminal acidification?

A

Serves as an antimicrobial and a signal to sperm to not swim until there is a large amount of bicarb

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10
Q

What is the purpose of antioxidant secretion in the epididymis?

A

Prevent DNA damage

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11
Q

Why does the epididymis have high levels of 5alpha reductase?

A

To convert the very numerous amount of testosterone to DHT

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12
Q

What happens if there is a loss of androgens?

A

Changes in luminal environment and hypertrophy

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13
Q

What is the purpose of estradiol in the epididymis?

A

Regulate expression of genes for solute and water transport (AQP 9)

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14
Q

What is the purpose of activins in the epididymis?

A

Initiating and maintaining epididymal function

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15
Q

Where is concentrations of follistatin the highest?

A

The tail need to inactivate activin here for some reason

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16
Q

What is the role of the vas deferens?

A
  • Alkalization of seminal fluid
  • Secretion of massive amounts of PGD and PGE (prostaglandin)
  • Muscular tube to push sperm out
17
Q

What type of nervous innervation is the vas deferens under?

A

Sympathetic innervation through vassal nerves

18
Q

What is the bulk of semen made up of ?

A

Seminal plasma

19
Q

What makes up the bulk of the seminal plasma?

A
  • Vesicular gland
  • Prostate
  • Bulbourethral gland
20
Q

What does the vesicular gland do?

A

Produce milky white fluid for transport and nourishment for sperm. Secrete: Bicarb, Citrate, Monosacharide, and prostaglandin

21
Q

Where is the vesicular gland?

A

Paired at the junction of the pelvic urethra and head of vas deferens

22
Q

Where is the prostate gland?

A

Between bladder and pelvic urethra

23
Q

Where are the bulbourethral gland?

A

Paired on either side of pelvic urethra

24
Q

What does the prostate do?

A

Make thin milky fluid. Secretes: Citric acid, zinc, acid phosphatase and serine proteases

25
Q

What does the bulbourethral gland do?

A

Make a clear, thin secretion high in mucins. Lubricate, clear and neutralize the urethra and transient gelling of gland

26
Q

What part of the male repro is under afferent innervation?

A

Sensing sexual stimulation (sight, sound, smell, etc.) Or direct stimulation of the penis

27
Q

What part of the male repro is under sympathetic control?

A

Post ganglionic fibers through the hypogastric nerve and pelvic plexus to the cavernous nerves cause smooth muscle around cauda epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. Ejaculation

28
Q

What part of the male repro is under Parasympathetic control

A

Erection

29
Q

What part of the male repro is under somatic innervation?

A

Innervates the striated muscle of the pelvic floor

30
Q

What causes erection?

A

Release of NO from PS causes relaxation of smooth muscle and allows cavernous sinuses to engorge with blood and sometimes relaxation of retractor penis muscle

31
Q

What is emission?

A

Slow movement through male repro tract (SNS)

32
Q

What is ejaculation?

A

Fast expulsion of semen as a reflex response(SNS)

33
Q

What is the reflex response of ejaculation caused by?

A
  1. Stimulation of penis

2. Semen entering the bulbous urethra

Physiology II (50 decks)

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