Retrieval Failure Theory of Forgetting

Question 1

Describe the tip of the tongue theory
or when u walk into a room to get smth, forget, go back and remember

Answer 1

The trigger what u needed to remember wasn’t there

Question 2

Describe the Retrieval Failure idea by Tulving 1983

Answer 2

The reason we forget is due to insufficient cues
He put forward the Encoding Specificity Principle = “the greater the similarity between the encoding event and the retrieval event, the greater the likelihood of recalling the original memory”

Question 3

What are the two types of cue dependent forgetting

Answer 3

Context
State

Question 4

What is context dependent forgetting/memory

Answer 4

External environmental cues

Question 5

What is state dependent forgetting

Answer 5

Internal cues

Question 6

What was the aim of the Godden and Baddeley 1975 experiment

Answer 6

If people who learn and are tested in the same environment will recall more than those who learn and are tested in different environments

Question 7

What was the method of the Godden and Baddeley 1975 experiment

Answer 7

ur mum
aha they did ur mum

anyhoo

Participants were deep sea divers
Were divided into 4 groups, where all groups were given the same list of words to learn
Group 1 = learnt underwater and recalled underwater
Group 2 = learnt underwater and recalled on shore
Group 3 = learnt on shore and recalled on shore
Group 4 = learnt on shore and recalled underwater

Question 8

What were the results of the Godden and Baddeley 1975 experiment

Answer 8

Groups 1 and 3 recalled 40% more words than groups 2 and 4
Conclusion = recall of info will be better if it happens in the same context that learning takes place

Question 9

Describe the Carter and Cassaday 1998 experiment

Answer 9

Aimed to investigate state dependent forgetting
Gave anti-histamine drugs to their participants Anti-histamine has a mild sedative effect
Creates an internal physiological state different from normal state of being aware/alert
Participants had to lean list of words and passages of prose and then recall the info
Group 1 = learn on drug, recall when on it
Group 2 = learn on it, recall when not on it
Group 3 = learn not on drug, recall when on it
Group 4 = learn not on it, recall when not on it
Conditions where there was mismatch between internal state at learning and recall performance on memory test was significantly worse
Group 1 and 4 performed best
Supports state dependent forgetting theory as when cues were absent there is more forgetting

Question 10

Can chewing gum enhance memory? - Baker et al 2004

Answer 10

Students randomly placed into 1/4 groups:
-Gum-gum (chewing gum when learning list of words and when recalling)
-Gum-no gum
-No gum-gum
-No gum-no gum
All of participants had to learn list of 15 words in 2 mins
Then had to recall str8 away and again 24 hrs later
Immediate recall showed only small differences between groups
After 24 hrs = average number of words correctly recalled was 11 for gum-gum, 8 for gum-no gum, 7 for no gum-gum group and 8.5 for no gum-no gum