Animal Studies Flashcards
Who was Lorenz?
I rlly dont give af but here we r
Ethologist - studied animals within their natural habitat
Dis bitch was interested in how young animals attach to their mothers, and how this gave them an increased chance of survival
What was Lorenz’s procedure?
Carried out his experiment with grey lag geese
Had 2 experimental conditions
1) Ma g was first thing goose chicks saw when they hatched
2) Goose mother was the first thing goose chicks saw then they hatched
What was Lorenz’s findings for each condition?
1) Followed ma g like a mothah
2) Followed goose mama when they were young
What did Lorenz call this rapid formation of attachments?
Imprinting
The tendency to form an attachment to the 1st large moving object seen after birth
Later studies Lorenz found strongest tendency to imprint takes place between 13-16 hrs after gosling hatched
32 hours - tendency to imprint virtually passed and attachment won’t take place
What is the critical period
Lorenz argued imprinting had to take place within this ‘window of development’
What is sexual imprinting?
Case study 1952
Investigated relationship between imprinting and adult male preferences
Birds that had imprinted on humans later displayed courtship behaviour towards humans
NOW GO VENTURE AND READ HARLOW’S MONKEY STUDY YA IDIATS
U KNOW IF U DONT ILL COME FOR UR KNEECAPS <3
Further research for Harlow’s monkeys
Harlow and Zimmerman 1959 - fearful stimulus
-When over-sized toy added to cage, monkey clings to cloth surrogate and then explores object
-Monkeys with wire surrogate would remain frozen/run wildly around cage
Harlow and Sumoi 1970 - food or no food
-When monkeys were placed with cloth surrogate with food and cloth surrogate without food, food was preferred
What is a negative evaluation of Lorenz’s study
Generasibility to humans
-Cannot generalise findings from Lorenz’s study to humans
-Mammalian attachment different from birds - show more emotional attachment and mammals may be able to form attachments at any time
Why is questionable findings a -ve evaluation of Lorenz’s study
Imprint and mating behaviour - Guiton et al 1996
-Found chickens imprinted on yellow washing up gloves
-Would try and mate with them as adults but with experience they eventually learned to prefer mating w other chickens
-Suggests is not permanent
What is a +ve evaluation of Harlow’s study
Theoretical value
-Profound effect on understanding of mother-infant attachment
-Attachment is formed through comfort, not as result of being fed
-Important of quality of early relationships for later social development including ability to hold down adult relationships and successfully rear children
Why is practical value a +ve evaluation of Harlow
Howe 1998 - research has helped social workers understand risk factors in child neglect and abuse and how to prevent it
yhyh we all been there get over urself
Important of attachment for monkeys in zoos and breeding programmes
What is a -ve evaluation of Harlow’s study
Ethical issues
-Monkeys suffered greatly
-Harlow was aware of damage he had caused and referred to wire mothers as iron maidens after medieval torture device
WHAT A FROG POOR MONKEYS
