Psychological explanations to offending Flashcards
Where did differential association theory come from
DAT
dat fat ass
Was coined by Sutherland 1939 - highly influential and controversial sociologist in the USA
What is DAT
A social learning theory of crime which suggests that crime is learnt just like any other behaviour theology relationships and association
Was the first theory that suggested crime was not genetically inherited but instead acquired through learning and association
How is crime a learned behaviour
A child learns whether crime as desirable or undesirable
If someone learns pro-criminal attitudes they have the potential to offend
Children learn which types of crimes are acceptable and unacceptable in their community, as well as methods for committing crime
What are some pro-criminal attidues
what murdahhh
Attitudes and behaviours are learned from initiate personal groups - family/peer groups and wider neighbourhood
The degree to which a local community supports it opposes criminal involvement determines the difference in crime rates from one area to another
Same for criminalist as it is for conformity?? idk
Should be able to mathematically predict how likely it is an individual will commit crime, if we have knowledge for the frequency, intensity and duration of which they have been exposed to deviant and non deviant values
What is homicidol and hypbristophilia
Huge admiration/attraction to serial killers either real or fictional
ik ur obssessed w meeee
Dahlen and Soderlund (2012) - found successful women were more likely to idolise criminals
Hybristophilia - mentally and sexually attracted to dangerous people
How is crime a learned behaviour
Child learns whether crime is desirable or undesirable
If someone learns pro-criminal attitudes they have the potential to offend
Children learn which types of crimes are acceptable and unacceptable in their community, as well as methods for committing crime
so i can clock cars like conpadre??
What are pro-criminal attitudes
Learned from intimate personal groups (family, peer groups, wider neighbourhood)
Degree to which a local community supports or opposes criminal involvement determines the difference in crime rates from one area to another
How did Sutherland argue we learn criminal acts
Degree, frequency, length and personal meaning of such social associations will determine the degree of influence
If they are exposed to criminals and pro-criminal attitudes, they may learn particular techniques for committing crime
What is the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development, Farrington et al 1996-2006
try saying that three times fast
Developments of offending and antisocial behaviour in 411 males
lemme grab my epq n flex 4 a lil bit
Longitudinal study - children aged 8 in 1961 and all lived in working-class, deprived, inner-city area of South London
Jack Straw (Labour’s home affairs spokesman) - specialised education for criminal parents
“I teach my children the difference between right and wrong. Criminal families teach theirs wrong and wrong”
What are some risk factors that could expose 8-10 yr olds to crime
Disruptive child behaviour
Criminality in the family
Low intelligence or low skl attainment
Poor child rearing
Impulsiveness
Economic deprivation
avani we a lil at risk atm
How does DAT have explanatory power as a +ve evaluation
ha
kinda makes sense acronym or not
Ability to account for crime within all sectors of society
Supported by Short 1955 - 176 skl children, using a questionnaire that measured delinquent behaviour and association w criminals
Sutherland highlighted how white collar 1938 crimes such as fraud can also take place rather than simply focusing on working class crime
Middle-class social groups who share deviant norms and values
How is shift of focus a +ve evaluation for DAT
i see the answer n im still confused how one cud come to this conclusion
Dysfunctional social circumstances and environments may be more to blame than dysfunctional people
Such an approach has real world application - learning environments can be altered but genetic cannot
Therefore offers a more realistic solution to crime
yurp
How is difficulty of testing a -ve evaluation
DAT FAT ASS is difficult to test despite the promise of providing a scientific, mathematical framework to predict future offending behaviours
Can we really measure the number of pro-criminal attitudes someone has or is exposed to?
that is a rherotical question
do not answer
or im coming for ur second regularly located kneecap and make it
irreluglarly located
Theory is built on the assumption that offending behaviour will occur when pro-criminal values outweigh anti-criminal values
Scientific credibility is undermined - at what point does one realise their urge to offend and when is a criminal career triggered?
another rhetoric
u know the drill…
How is access to supporting evidence a +ve evaluation
Alarid et al 2000
Tested 1153 criminals
Found differential association theory was a good theory of crime
More consistent effects for males
Parental attachment is a significantly stronger predictor of female participation in violent crime
ok and
How is alternative explanations a +ve evaluation
Family is crucial in determining whether the individual is likely to engage in offending
If the family is seen to support criminal activity, making it seem legitimate and reasonable - becomes a major influence on child’s value system
Farrington et al 2006
Mednick et al 1984
