Localisation of function in the brain Flashcards
What is the localisation of brain function
a good place to start
During 19th century twas discovered that certain areas of the brain held particular functions
This is known as ‘localisation of brain function
lil bit of history 4 u there
What is localisation
The theory that specific areas of the brain are associated with particular physical and psychological functions
NOW
we have 2 hemispheres
the left n the right
whats right in the middle
Corpus collosum
pretty much just tissue
can be severed and ppl can still function normally
What is hemispheric lateralisaition
The dominance of one hemisphere of the brain for particular physical and psychological functions
In most respects the left n right hemispheres r similiar
so
to b difficult
name one difference between them
The presence of language areas are only found in the left hand side
or if u wish to b smart n psychological
THE LEFT HEMISPHERE
What is the broca responsible for
Converting thought into speech
like berocca converts my depression into vitamic c capusles that convert me into functioning semi normally
same shit different sun position
What does the wernicke do
Plays an important role in understanding other ppl’s speech and for producing speech which makes sense
What are the 3 structures (layers) of the brain
Cerebrum
Limbic system
Central core
What does the central core regulate
Our most primitive and involuntary behaviours
e.g. breathing, sleeping or sneezing
Also known as the brain stem
Includes structures such as the hypothalamus
Regulates eating and drinking
Regulates endocrine system in order to maintain homeostasis
What is homeostasis
Process by which body maintains a constant physiological state
yes we know we know
OR WE DONT
i wasnt too sure
so we made this flashcard
MOVE ON
What does the limbic system control
Our emotions
WELL MINE MUST B DOING A RATHER FUCKIN INADEQUATE JOB
Where is the limbic system located
Around central core of the brain
Interconnected w hypothalamus
What does the limbic system contain
Structures such as the hippocampus
Has key roles in memory
What does the cerebrum regulate
Our higher intellectual processes
Each of our sensory systems sends messages to and from this cerebral cortex
Describe the structure of the cerebrum pls
Has an outermost layer known as the cerebral cortex
Appears grey because of the location of cell bodies (hence “grey matter”)
Made up of the left n right hemispheres which are connected by a bundle of fibres called the corpus callosum
What does the corpus callosum enable
Messages to enter the RH to be conveyed to the LH and vice versa
Each hemisphere is further divided into 4 lobes
-Frontal
-Parietal
-Temporal
-Occipital
Frontal lobe
Location for awareness of what we are doing within our environment
Paretial lobe
Location for sensory and motor movements
Occipital lobe
Location for vision
REALLY
Temporal lobe
Location for thw auditory ability and memory acquisition
i would like to take this moment to apologise for the lack of enthusiasm in the last 4 flashcards regarding yes the lobes
i was feeling a lil lazy in class
so i was brief
very brief
but what is done is done
now go have some water u dry skinned lil shit
What does the somatosensory
Located in the parietal lobe
Responds to heat, cold, touch, pain and our sense of body movement
mine just be hyper active
cos all i feel is pain
What is the motor
Located in the parietal lobe
Responsible for controlling voluntary movements
Left hand side controlled by RH and vice versa
Damage to this area results in impaired movements
What is the visual
Located in the occipital lobe
Primary function is vision
U DONT MF SAY
What is the auditory
Located in the temporal lobe
Responsible for analysis of speech-based information
ok i must b tired
cos those flashcards were meant to say like where does this sense resonate from or shit
whoopsies
Give evidence that many neurological functions are localised in relation to language and memory (+ve evaluation of brain scan evidence)
Peterson et al. 1988
Used brain scans to demonstrate how Wernicke’s area was active during a listening task and Broca’s area was active during a reading task, suggesting that these areas of brain have different functions
ofc ofc twas my first guess
What is evidence of brain scan evidence with Tulving et al 1994
Tulving suggested that semantic memory resides in your left pre-frontal cortex
Episodic in right pre-frontal cortex
Procedural memory in cerebellum
Hippocampus helps process memory
whoop whoop it da sound of the police
What is a +ve evaluation involving destruction the destruction of healthy brain tissue
Lobotomy (Freeman) - removal of brain tissue
Leucotomy - cutting the connections to a particular part of the brain
Controversially (fancy word ik ik) neurosurgery is still used today for treatment-resistant severe depressive and extreme cases of OCD
The success of these procedures strongly suggests that symptoms and behaviours associated with serious mental disorders are localised
What is case study evidence regarding Phineas Gage
yh the man w a frickin tube thru his head
On train
Explosion of meter length iron pole went thru left cheek
Passed behind left eye and exited brain from skull at top of head
Was found 25-30 yrs behind him, covered in bits of brain
Knocked over but didn’t lost consciousness
excuse me but how the actual fuck
He survived, after months of recovery regained his job
Before accident he was capable and efficient man, looked at as smart and well-balanced mind
However his personality had changed from someone who was kind to someone who was now boisterous, rude and grossly boasphemous
these r very big words
His friends said he was “No longer Gage”
Damasio et al concluded altho accident was horrific , taught us a great deal about complexity of pyschological processes that occur in human brain
What is a -ve evaluation saying higher cognitive functions are not localised
We acc gon be talking bout rats so strap on ur seatbelts and unhook ur bras cos this gon b a fun ride
Karl Lashley 1950 suggests basic motor and sensory functions were localised, but that hugher mental functions were not
Rats had 10-50% of their cortex removed
No area was shown to be more important than any other area of the rats’ ability to learn a maze
Process of learning appeared to require every part of the cortex, rather than being confined to a particular area
Seems to suggest the learning is too complex to be localised and requires involvement of the whole brain
this i already knew because my best friend is a rat so theres that
i still want a greenhouse
What is cortical remapping
what is that sorpical napping
The brain is able to recognise itself in an attempt to recover the lost function
What is cortical remapping
what is that sorpical napping
The brain is able to recognise itself in an attempt to recover the lost function
What is Lashley’s law of equipotentiality
Surviving brain circuits ‘chip in’ so the neurological function can be achieved
