Psychological Therapies Flashcards
What is CBT
5-20 sessions
Group or individual therapy
Helps patients to identify irrational thoughts and tries to change them
May involve argument or discussion of how likely the beliefs are to be true
Helps patients cope
How does CBT help
Helps to make sense of how delusions and hallucinations impact their feelings and behaviour
Understanding where symptoms came from can be helpful
e.g. Believing voices are demons - helped to understand the existence of hallucinations can help to reduce anxiety
Why is CBT not appropriate for some types of schizo when in psychosis
CBT challenges -ve thoughts
Cannot challenge a patient’s delusions when in psychosis as will not believe therapist and can be dangerous
How does family therapy work
Usually takes place within the people’s homes and typically 2 family therapists will work w the relatives and patient
Lasts between 3-12 months w sessions every 2-4 weeks
Minimum of 10 sessions are recommended by NICE
Therapists work w the family and patient to develop strategies to cope better w the mental disorder and its symptoms
Helps patient make better progress and relatives to feel more +ve about ,and more effective in, supporting their roles
How does family therapy work p2
Relatives made more aware of info regarding psychosis and particular diagnosis their relative has been given
Therapist encourages relatives to ask questions and learn more about disorder so can properly understand difficulties patient faces
Patient will also be asked to discuss their symptoms w the family as they are the expert in the situation
What is beneficial abt family therapy
Forming a therapeutic alliance w all family members
Reducing the stress of caring for a relative w schizo
Improving the ability of the family to anticipate and solve problems
Reduction of anger and guilt
Help family to achieve a balance of caring 4 family member and own life
Improving families’ beliefs and behaviours towards schizo
What is the goal in family therapy
To provide the whole family w practical coping skills which enables them to manage the everyday difficulties arising from having someone w schizo in the famalam
How can token economies be used as behaviour modofications
Reward systems to manage behaviour
In particular those who have developed maladaptive behaviour after spending long periods in psychiatric hospitals
Modifying behaviour doesn’t cure schizo but improves quality of life and makes it more likely they can live outside of the hospital
Token economies p2
E.g. colour disks are given when patients carry out desirable behaviour
-Getting dressed
-Making a bed, etc
Tokens can be swapped for rewards
Based om operant conditioning
Tokens are secondary reinforces as they only have value once patient has learned they can be used to obtain rewards
-Buying sweets
-Buying magazines
-Home visits to family, etc
How is evidence for effectiveness a +ve evaluation
Jauhar et al 2014 - reviewed results of 34 studies of CBT
Concluded that CBT had a significant but small effect on + and - symptoms
Pharoah et al 2010 reviewed family therapy
Moderate evidence that it significantly reduces hospital readmission and improved quality of life
What is a +ve evaluation abt token economy
McMonagle and Sultana 2009
Found only 3 studies where patients were randomly allocated to conditions w a total of 110 patients
Only 1 of the 3 studies showed improvement in symptoms
Schizo remains one of the harder mental health problems to treat
How are these being treatments not cures a -ve evaluation
Help make schizo more manageable and improve quality of life
CBT allows patients to make sense of symptoms
Family therapy reduces stress for family and patient
Token economies make behaviour more socially acceptable so they can reintegrate w society
All of the above fail to completely treat schizo
