Respiratory System PPT

Question 1

Common passageway for air and food and descends to point of separation of esophagus and trachea

Answer 1

Nasopharynx joins the Oropharynx

Question 2

Lymphoid tissue located in posterior portion of the oral cavity

Answer 2

Palatine Tonsils (tonsils)

Question 3

Protects the opening into the larynx, by flipping up or down with swallowing or breathing

Answer 3

Epiglottis

Question 4

The inferior portion of the pharynx that opens into the larynx and the esophagus

Answer 4

Laryngopharynx

Question 5

What is the Respiratory main function

Answer 5

Supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

Question 6

Starts below hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage- adams apple
Cricoid cartilage
Into the trachea

Answer 6

Larynx

Question 7

The upper pair of vocal cords are the true or the false cords?

Answer 7

False Pair

Part of the Larynx

Question 8

The lower pair of vocal cords are false pair or true?

Answer 8

True Vocal Cords

Part of the Larynx

Question 9

True vocal cords and the space between them into them

Answer 9

Glottis

Part of the Larynx

Question 10

Name the parts of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 10

Nose, Nasal passage, nasopharynx, larynx into trachea

Paranasal sinuses

Question 11

Contains resident flora , air is warmed and moistened as passed through nasal cavity (when air passed through the mouth, it is not warmed, moistened or filtered)

Answer 11

Nose and Nasal passage of the upper respiratory tract

Question 12

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary (named according to the bones in which they are located)

Answer 12

Paranasal sinuses- Upper respiratory tract

Question 13

Lined by the respiratory mucosa, pseudostratified columnar epithelium which has goblet cells and cilia; mucous traps debris and cilia sweeps it away

Answer 13

Paranasal sinuses- Upper respiratory tract

Question 14

Posterior wall of nasopharynx contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids-lymphoid tissue)

Answer 14

Nasopharynx

Question 15

Name the parts of the Lower Respiratory tract

Answer 15

Trachea- windpipe
Begins at inferior border of larynx, ends at level of T5 where it bifurcates. (divides into left and right bronchi) This bifurcation radiograhically is called the carina and corresponds to the level of T4 and T5.

Air proceeds from the trachea to the right and left bronchus

Right bronchus- larger and straighter so more likely destination for any aspirated material

Bronchus- enters lung at hilum then branches to form bronchial tree; bronchi become smaller cartilage rings diminish and smooth muscle increases allows contraction and relaxation

Question 16

What is the trachea composed of?

Answer 16

rings of cartilage, smooth muscle and elastic tissue

Question 17

What does the Thorax consists of?

Answer 17

Ribs, Vertebrae, Sternum, Providing rigid protection for the lungs
12- pair of ribs with the last two as floating

Question 18

Coned shape structures positioned on each side of the heart

Answer 18

Lungs

Question 19

Located in the center of the chest which contains heart, major blood vessels, esophagus and trachea

Answer 19

Mediastinum

Question 20

What contains macrophages which remove foreign debris that penetrates them

Answer 20

Alveoli

Question 21

Dome shaped muscular diaphragm forms the inferior boundary

Answer 21

Diaphragm

Question 22

How many lobes is the right heart divided into?

How many lobes is the left heart divided into?

Answer 22

3

2

Question 23

What are the coverings of the lung?

Answer 23

Pleural membrane- double wall sac
Visceral Pleura- Attached to outside of lung
Parietal Pleura- Attached to the chest wall and diaphragm
Pleural Cavity or Space- separates visceral and parietal pleura, contains small amount of fluid

Question 24

Signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tumors

Answer 24

Local: weight loss, blood in sputum when cough

Regional: pain, coughing, dyspnea, dysphagia, facial, neck and arm edema, orthopnea, hoarseness

Systemic: weight loss, anemia, fatigue

Question 25

True of False

Lung cancer is the 1st most common type of cancer in both men and women

Answer 25

False: it’s the 2nd

Question 26

True or False

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in both men and women

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the most common cause of lung cancer

Answer 27

Tobacco exposure
87% of lung cancer cases are result of smoking
Spouses of smokers have a 30% greater risk of developing lung cancer compared with non smokers

Question 28

True or False

50% of all cancer related deaths are associated with smoking tobacco?

Answer 28

False- 30%

Question 29

At what age are most people diagnosed with lung cancer

Answer 29

65 or older

Question 30

How can you Diagnosis Lung Cancer?

Answer 30

Chest x-ray (75% of the natural history of the disease has already occurred at the time of the chest x-ray)
CT (shows what other structures affected)
PET
Laboratory studies
Surgical procedure

Question 31

A tumor of the tissue that lines the lungs, stomach, heart and other organs- cancerous (most common form effecting the lungs)

Answer 31

Mesothelioma

Question 32

What are the two cases of lung cancer

Answer 32

Non-small cell lung cancer- 80-85% of lung cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma- 25-30% associated with tobacco use
Adenocarcinoma- 40% less associated w/ tobacco
Large cell carcinoma less common 15%

Question 33

What is the 5 year survival rate based on how much it had spread at diagnosis

Answer 33

Local (60%) regional (33%) distant (6%)

Question 34

Lower respiratory system tumors
Spread:
Common sites for metastasis:
Treatment:

Answer 34

LRST
Direct extension, lymphatics, blood
Cervical lymph nodes, liver, brain, bones, adrenal glands, kidneys and contralateral lung

Question 35

What is the survival rate of Small Cell lung cancer

Answer 35

rare for anyone who has not smoked
very poor prognosis (10-15%) survive 3 years
usually receive PCI (prophylactic cranial irradiation)
5-year survival rate is based on how much it had spread
Local (29%) regional (15%) distant (3%)