Respiratory System PPT Flashcards
Common passageway for air and food and descends to point of separation of esophagus and trachea
Nasopharynx joins the Oropharynx
Lymphoid tissue located in posterior portion of the oral cavity
Palatine Tonsils (tonsils)
Protects the opening into the larynx, by flipping up or down with swallowing or breathing
Epiglottis
The inferior portion of the pharynx that opens into the larynx and the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
What is the Respiratory main function
Supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
Starts below hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage- adams apple
Cricoid cartilage
Into the trachea
Larynx
The upper pair of vocal cords are the true or the false cords?
False Pair
Part of the Larynx
The lower pair of vocal cords are false pair or true?
True Vocal Cords
Part of the Larynx
True vocal cords and the space between them into them
Glottis
Part of the Larynx
Name the parts of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose, Nasal passage, nasopharynx, larynx into trachea
Paranasal sinuses
Contains resident flora , air is warmed and moistened as passed through nasal cavity (when air passed through the mouth, it is not warmed, moistened or filtered)
Nose and Nasal passage of the upper respiratory tract
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary (named according to the bones in which they are located)
Paranasal sinuses- Upper respiratory tract
Lined by the respiratory mucosa, pseudostratified columnar epithelium which has goblet cells and cilia; mucous traps debris and cilia sweeps it away
Paranasal sinuses- Upper respiratory tract
Posterior wall of nasopharynx contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids-lymphoid tissue)
Nasopharynx
Name the parts of the Lower Respiratory tract
Trachea- windpipe
Begins at inferior border of larynx, ends at level of T5 where it bifurcates. (divides into left and right bronchi) This bifurcation radiograhically is called the carina and corresponds to the level of T4 and T5.
Air proceeds from the trachea to the right and left bronchus
Right bronchus- larger and straighter so more likely destination for any aspirated material
Bronchus- enters lung at hilum then branches to form bronchial tree; bronchi become smaller cartilage rings diminish and smooth muscle increases allows contraction and relaxation
What is the trachea composed of?
rings of cartilage, smooth muscle and elastic tissue
What does the Thorax consists of?
Ribs, Vertebrae, Sternum, Providing rigid protection for the lungs
12- pair of ribs with the last two as floating
Coned shape structures positioned on each side of the heart
Lungs
Located in the center of the chest which contains heart, major blood vessels, esophagus and trachea
Mediastinum
What contains macrophages which remove foreign debris that penetrates them
Alveoli
Dome shaped muscular diaphragm forms the inferior boundary
Diaphragm
How many lobes is the right heart divided into?
How many lobes is the left heart divided into?
3
2
What are the coverings of the lung?
Pleural membrane- double wall sac
Visceral Pleura- Attached to outside of lung
Parietal Pleura- Attached to the chest wall and diaphragm
Pleural Cavity or Space- separates visceral and parietal pleura, contains small amount of fluid
Signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tumors
Local: weight loss, blood in sputum when cough
Regional: pain, coughing, dyspnea, dysphagia, facial, neck and arm edema, orthopnea, hoarseness
Systemic: weight loss, anemia, fatigue
True of False
Lung cancer is the 1st most common type of cancer in both men and women
False: it’s the 2nd
True or False
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in both men and women
True
What is the most common cause of lung cancer
Tobacco exposure
87% of lung cancer cases are result of smoking
Spouses of smokers have a 30% greater risk of developing lung cancer compared with non smokers
True or False
50% of all cancer related deaths are associated with smoking tobacco?
False- 30%
At what age are most people diagnosed with lung cancer
65 or older
How can you Diagnosis Lung Cancer?
Chest x-ray (75% of the natural history of the disease has already occurred at the time of the chest x-ray)
CT (shows what other structures affected)
PET
Laboratory studies
Surgical procedure
A tumor of the tissue that lines the lungs, stomach, heart and other organs- cancerous (most common form effecting the lungs)
Mesothelioma
What are the two cases of lung cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer- 80-85% of lung cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma- 25-30% associated with tobacco use
Adenocarcinoma- 40% less associated w/ tobacco
Large cell carcinoma less common 15%
What is the 5 year survival rate based on how much it had spread at diagnosis
Local (60%) regional (33%) distant (6%)
Lower respiratory system tumors
Spread:
Common sites for metastasis:
Treatment:
LRST
Direct extension, lymphatics, blood
Cervical lymph nodes, liver, brain, bones, adrenal glands, kidneys and contralateral lung
What is the survival rate of Small Cell lung cancer
rare for anyone who has not smoked
very poor prognosis (10-15%) survive 3 years
usually receive PCI (prophylactic cranial irradiation)
5-year survival rate is based on how much it had spread
Local (29%) regional (15%) distant (3%)
