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Pathology- Nicole Calvin > Chapter 1 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the cause of disease

A

Etiology

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2
Q

The cause of the disease if unknown

A

Idiopathic

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3
Q

When the treatment, procedure or error used in treating one disease causes another disease.

A

Iatrogenic

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4
Q

A factor that increases the risk of getting of a particular type of cancer

A

Predisposing Factors-

Ex: Sun Exposure- skin cancer, Smoking cigarettes- lung cancer, Increased age- prostate

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5
Q

Develops very quickly- indicates a short-term illness

A

Acute

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6
Q

Develops gradually, persists for a long time, causes more permanent tissue damage.

A

Chronic

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7
Q

“Silent” stage. No clinical signs are evident

A

Latent Period

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8
Q

Period between exposure to the microorganism and the onset of signs or symptoms. This period varies with different diseases (days, weeks). The person can infect others during this time.

A

Incubation Period

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9
Q

Vague, non-specific symptoms present themselves ex: headache, fatigue, loss of appetite.

A

Prodromal Period

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms

A

Manifestations

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11
Q

Objective indicators of the disease, can been detected by others,
Ex: fever-can be measured, skin rash can be seen

A

Signs

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12
Q

Subjective feelings, can only be experienced by the sick person
Ex: pain, nausea

A

Symptoms

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13
Q

A term used to describe a specific local change in tissue

A

Lesion

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14
Q

Manifestations of the disease subside

A

Remission

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15
Q

Signs increase

A

Exacerbation

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16
Q

A condition that triggers an acute episode

A

Precipitating factor

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17
Q

New condition or secondary problems that arise after the original disease begins

A

Complications

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18
Q

Treatment measures used to promote recovery or slow the progression of a disease.
Ex: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

A

Therapies

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19
Q

The probability or the likelihood for a recovery of the disease.

A

Prognosis

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20
Q

In radiation therapy, often refers to the functional impairment that certain conditions cause. Can also mean the disease rates within a group. (has more than one meaning)

A

Morbidity

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21
Q

Relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease.

A

Mortality

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22
Q

The science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

A

Epidemiology

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23
Q

The occurrence of a higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease within a given world

A

Epidemics

24
Q

The occurrence of a higher than expected number of cases of an infection disease in many regions of the world

A

Pandemics

25
Q

The tracking of two factors…. incidence and prevalence

A

Occurrence

26
Q

Number of new cases given in a population within a stated time period

A

Incidence

27
Q

Number of new and old or existing cases within a specific population and time period

A

Prevalence

28
Q

Infections that can be spread from one person to another. Some of these must be reported to the health authorities

A

Communicable diseases

29
Q

Diseases that must be reported by the physician to certain designated authorities. The purpose of the required reporting is to prevent further spread of the disease and maintain public health.

A

Notifiable or reportable diseases

Ex: link provided on answer key

30
Q

A decrease in the size of cells resulting in a decreased tissue mass.

A

Atrophy

Ex: shrinkage of skeleton muscle that occurs when a limb is immobilized

31
Q

Increase in the size of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

A

Hypertrophy
Ex: muscle gets larger as a result of weight lifting, when a kidney is removed the other kidney grows bigger to support the loss.

32
Q

An increase in the number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

A

Hyperplasia

Ex: partial liver transplant, the liver regenerates, cells increase in number

33
Q

When one mature cells type replaces another

A

Metaplasia
Ex: heavy smoker, columnar epithelium that usually lines the respiratory tract is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium.

34
Q

Describes tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased. Can result from chronic infections or may be precancerous

A

Dysplasia

35
Q

Cells that are undifferentiated; characteristics of cancer

A

Anaplasia

36
Q

New growth. Can be cancerous (malignant) or benign (non cancerous)

A

Neoplasia

37
Q

Without Oxygen

A

Anaerobic

38
Q

Relating to or originating from external factors

Ex: the environment, or outside an organism

A

Exogenous

39
Q

Relating to originating from inside the body

A

Endogenous

40
Q

Programmed cell death

our body cells are killed after their life span is over

A

Apoptosis

Ex: red blood cells life span is about 120 days

41
Q

Not cancerous

A

Benign

42
Q

Cancerous

A

Malignant

43
Q

A decrease supply of oxygenated blood to tissue or organ due to circulatory obstruction

A

Ischemia

44
Q

The term applied to an area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen.

A

Infarction

Ex: myocardial infarction

45
Q

The termed used when a group of cells die

A

Necrosis

46
Q

Refers to the collection of interstitial fluid formed in the inflamed area.

A

Exudate

47
Q

Watery exudate consisting primarily of small amounts of protein and white blood cells

A

Serous

48
Q

An increase in white blood cells

A

Leukocytosis

49
Q

Fever

A

Pyrexia

50
Q

Loss of appetite

A

Anorexia

51
Q

Feeling unwell

A

Malaise

52
Q

A protein that is the basic component of scar tissue and provides strength for new repair

A

Collagen

53
Q

Development of new blood vessels

A

Angiogenesis

54
Q

Bands of scar tissue joining two surfaces that are normally separated

A

Adhesions
Ex: adhesion between loops of intestine or between the pleural membranes. May be caused by inflammation or infection and can prevent normal movement of the structures and may eventually cause distortion or twisting of the tissue

55
Q

An overgrowth of fibrous tissue consisting of excessive collagen deposits leading to hard ridges of scar tissue or keloids

A

Hypertrophic Scar Tissue

56
Q

The percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

A

Hematocrit

57
Q

Erosion through the wall of viscera

A

Perforation

Pathology- Nicole Calvin (40 decks)

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