Chapter 10 Blood HW Flashcards
What percentage of the whole blood volume is made up of plasma?
55%
What type of cells make up the majority of the blood cells?
Red Blood Cells
What is the normal blood cell count for each of the following: red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells.
Red Blood Cells: 4.2-5.90 million/mm3
Platelets: 150,000 – 350,000 thousand/mm3
White Blood Cells: 4,500 – 10,500 thousand/mm3
Which blood group is considered a universal donor?
O Blood
Why is O blood a universal donor?
O group has no antigens so the other group’s antibodies will not try to attack the cell from the transfused blood.
Which blood group is considered a universal recipient?
Group AB
Why is group AB a universal recipent?
AB group has no antibodies to attack the donor cells
Define leukopoiesis
production of white blood cells
What are some causes of aplastic anemia
Myelotoxins (ex. radiation, industrial chemicals and drugs),Viruses,autoimmune diseases (ex. lupus),Genetic abnormalities
What is leukemia?
A group of neoplastic disorders involving the white blood cells. Undifferentiated, immature or mature, nonfunctional cells multiply uncontrollably and are released into the general blood circulation
Define pancytopenia
a decrease in the number of leukocytes (WBC) erythrocytes (RBC) and thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood.
Distinguish the difference between a thrombus and an embolus.
A thrombus is a blood clot attached inside a blood vessel.
An embolus is a mass that breaks away into the circulation and obstructs a blood vessel.
Explain why bone marrow damage affects leukocytes.
Leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow.
Explain why it is necessary to treat the bone marrow recipient with chemotherapy and radiation before transplant.
To kill the cancer cells as well as prepare the recipient’s bone marrow for the donor stem cells, preventing rejection.
Why are multiple opportunistic infections common in patients with leukemia?
Because their immune system is highly compromised. Someone with leukemia has a high number of immature and nonfunctioning white blood cells that cannot fight off most foreign invaders
What chromosome serves as a marker for the diagnosis of CML.
Philadelphia Chromosome
What is the most common pediatric malignancy
Leukemia
Define petechiae
Flat, red pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin.
What cells are evaluated in a differential blood cell count?
The proportion of different types of WBC (neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils)
What does a hemoglobin blood study measure?
The amount of oxygen in the blood.
Explain how a deep vein thrombosis in a large vein in the leg can result in a life-threatening condition such as a stroke or myocardial infarction.
A clot in a large vein can break loose, travel to the heart, and block the blood supply, causing a stroke or infarction of the heart muscle.
What is the normal pH range of blood?
7.35 -7.45
Why is it important to maintain this pH?
Because cell enzymes can function only within a very narrow pH range. A normal range is required for enzyme and metabolic functions; blood is a medium for the exchange of body fluids and for maintaining
homeostasis.
What is a BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and Creatinine test and why might it be done prior to getting a CT scan using contrast?
They are both used to assess kidney function. Elevated levels indicate poor kidney function. The contrast material used could cause kidney damage in someone with poor kidney function as it is harder for the kidneys to clear the contrast from the body.
What is a thrombolytic drug?
A drug that breaks up a blood clot.
Is Heparin considered a thrombolytic drug?
No, Heparin is a blood thinner used to prevent blood clots (anti-coagulant) but it isn’t used to break up a blood clot that has already occurred.
