Chapter 10 Blood HW

Question 1

What percentage of the whole blood volume is made up of plasma?

Answer 1

55%

Question 2

What type of cells make up the majority of the blood cells?

Answer 2

Red Blood Cells

Question 3

What is the normal blood cell count for each of the following: red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells.

Answer 3

Red Blood Cells: 4.2-5.90 million/mm3
Platelets: 150,000 – 350,000 thousand/mm3
White Blood Cells: 4,500 – 10,500 thousand/mm3

Question 4

Which blood group is considered a universal donor?

Answer 4

O Blood

Question 5

Why is O blood a universal donor?

Answer 5

O group has no antigens so the other group’s antibodies will not try to attack the cell from the transfused blood.

Question 6

Which blood group is considered a universal recipient?

Answer 6

Group AB

Question 7

Why is group AB a universal recipent?

Answer 7

AB group has no antibodies to attack the donor cells

Question 8

Define leukopoiesis

Answer 8

production of white blood cells

Question 9

What are some causes of aplastic anemia

Answer 9

Myelotoxins (ex. radiation, industrial chemicals and drugs),Viruses,autoimmune diseases (ex. lupus),Genetic abnormalities

Question 10

What is leukemia?

Answer 10

A group of neoplastic disorders involving the white blood cells. Undifferentiated, immature or mature, nonfunctional cells multiply uncontrollably and are released into the general blood circulation

Question 11

Define pancytopenia

Answer 11

a decrease in the number of leukocytes (WBC) erythrocytes (RBC) and thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood.

Question 12

Distinguish the difference between a thrombus and an embolus.

Answer 12

A thrombus is a blood clot attached inside a blood vessel.

An embolus is a mass that breaks away into the circulation and obstructs a blood vessel.

Question 13

Explain why bone marrow damage affects leukocytes.

Answer 13

Leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow.

Question 14

Explain why it is necessary to treat the bone marrow recipient with chemotherapy and radiation before transplant.

Answer 14

To kill the cancer cells as well as prepare the recipient’s bone marrow for the donor stem cells, preventing rejection.

Question 15

Why are multiple opportunistic infections common in patients with leukemia?

Answer 15

Because their immune system is highly compromised. Someone with leukemia has a high number of immature and nonfunctioning white blood cells that cannot fight off most foreign invaders

Question 16

What chromosome serves as a marker for the diagnosis of CML.

Answer 16

Philadelphia Chromosome

Question 17

What is the most common pediatric malignancy

Answer 17

Leukemia

Question 18

Define petechiae

Answer 18

Flat, red pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin.

Question 19

What cells are evaluated in a differential blood cell count?

Answer 19

The proportion of different types of WBC (neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils)

Question 20

What does a hemoglobin blood study measure?

Answer 20

The amount of oxygen in the blood.

Question 21

Explain how a deep vein thrombosis in a large vein in the leg can result in a life-threatening condition such as a stroke or myocardial infarction.

Answer 21

A clot in a large vein can break loose, travel to the heart, and block the blood supply, causing a stroke or infarction of the heart muscle.

Question 22

What is the normal pH range of blood?

Answer 22

7.35 -7.45

Question 23

Why is it important to maintain this pH?

Answer 23

Because cell enzymes can function only within a very narrow pH range. A normal range is required for enzyme and metabolic functions; blood is a medium for the exchange of body fluids and for maintaining
homeostasis.

Question 24

What is a BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and Creatinine test and why might it be done prior to getting a CT scan using contrast?

Answer 24

They are both used to assess kidney function. Elevated levels indicate poor kidney function. The contrast material used could cause kidney damage in someone with poor kidney function as it is harder for the kidneys to clear the contrast from the body.

Question 25

What is a thrombolytic drug?

Answer 25

A drug that breaks up a blood clot.

Question 26

Is Heparin considered a thrombolytic drug?

Answer 26

No, Heparin is a blood thinner used to prevent blood clots (anti-coagulant) but it isn’t used to break up a blood clot that has already occurred.