Blood and Circulatory System PPT

Question 1

What are the (4) Blood Vessels

Answer 1

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Small Venules
Large Veins

Question 2

What are (3) important characteristics of blood

Answer 2

1. Major transport system for oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, cells wastes
2. Carries antibodies and WBC for rapid removal of foreign material
3. Controls body temp. by distributing core heat throughout the peripheral tissue

Question 3

Blood components and percentage-

Answer 3

Blood consists of water and its dissolved solutes (55% of the whole blood volume)

Composed of cells or formed elements, erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes (45%)

Question 4

What are the (3) components of plasma (clear, yellowish fluid remaining after cells removed)

Answer 4

1. Albumin
2. Antibodies
3. Fibrinogen (clotting)

Question 5

What is left after cells and fibrinogen are removed?

Answer 5

Serum Fluid

Question 6

Where do RBC originate from?

Answer 6

Red Bone Marrow

flat and irregular bones, ribs, vertebrae, sternum and pelvis

Question 7

Blood cells develop from where?

Answer 7

Single Stem Cells, differentiate, then mature into specialized functional cells

Question 8

Indicates the proportions of specific types of WBC’s in the blood assists in making a diagnosis.

Answer 8

Differential Count

Question 9

Bacteria infection or Inflammatory condition has a increase in what?

Answer 9

Neutrophils

Question 10

Allergic reaction has an increase in what?

Answer 10

Eosinophil

Question 11

Includes total RCS, WBC and platelet counts ad morphology

Answer 11

CBC- Complete blood count

Question 12

Aid in blood clotting process by sticking to damaged tissue or to each other

Answer 12

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 13

True or False

Men have a lower amount of hematocrit than females

Answer 13

False- Men have a higher number of hematocrit

42-52% and women have 37-47%

Question 14

What can be an indicator of anemia?

Answer 14

Hematocrit- proportion of cells (erythrocytes) in blood, indicates viscosity of the blood- low RBC count may be indicator of anemia.

Question 15

Elevated hematocrit can indicate what?

Answer 15

Loss of fluid (dehydration) or excess red blood cells

Question 16

Low hematocrit can result by?

Answer 16

Blood loss or anemia

Question 17

Causes a reduction in oxygen transport in the blood due to a decrease in hemoglobin content

Answer 17

Anemia

Question 18

General signs of Anemia

Answer 18

fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia,
severe: may lead to chest pain
Chronic: may cause heart failure

Question 19

What are the (5) types of anemia

Answer 19

Iron deficiency- dietary 
Pernicious- vitamin B12 deficiency
Aplastic- damage to bone marrow, Hep c, radiation
Sickle Cell- inherited
Thalassemia-genetic

Question 20

Involves the plasma cells (B lymphocytes)

Multiple tumors develop in the vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and skull

Answer 20

Multiple Myeloma

Question 21

Accounts for 15% of adult leukemia

Peak age is 65

Answer 21

CML-Chronic myelogenous/myloid leukemia

Question 22

Tends to occur in people age 40 and older, with median age 67
80% of adults with Acute Leukemia have this ( )
Risk Factors: radiation therapy

Answer 22

AML- Acute Myelogenous/myloid leukemia

Question 23

Blood disorders that cause excessive bleeding

Answer 23

Viral infections or autoimmune reactions
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy and cancer
Kidney failure, aspirin
Vitamin K deficiency 
Liver Disease 
Inherited defects

Question 24

What are the (4) major leukemia’s

Answer 24

1. ALL- Acute lymphocytic leukemia
2. CLL- Chronic lymphoytic leukemia
3. AML- Acute myelogenous/myloid leukemia
4. CML- Chronic myelogenous/myloid leukemia

Question 25

ALL- Acute lymphocytic luekemia

Answer 25

Occurs primarily in young children
80% of children with acute leukemia have ALL
Causes: unknown
Risk Factors: heredity, down syndrome, certain virus

Question 26

CLL- Chronic lymphocytic luekemia

Answer 26

65 years of age

Risk factor: heredity, no exposure to radiation

Question 27

Neoplastic disorders involving WBC

Answer 27

Leukemia

Question 28

Undifferentiated, immature, nonfunctional, large quantities

Answer 28

Leukocytes

Question 29

Progresses quickly, proliferation of undifferentiated, immature cells in bone marrow

Answer 29

Acute

Question 30

Slower progression, uncontrolled expansion of mature cells

Answer 30

Chronic

Question 31

Arise directly or indirectly from hematopietic stem cells

Answer 31

Myelogenous Leukemias

Question 32

Arise from other cells populating the bone marrow

Answer 32

Lymphocytic Leukemias