Blood and Circulatory System PPT Flashcards
What are the (4) Blood Vessels
Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Small Venules Large Veins
What are (3) important characteristics of blood
- Major transport system for oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, cells wastes
- Carries antibodies and WBC for rapid removal of foreign material
- Controls body temp. by distributing core heat throughout the peripheral tissue
Blood components and percentage-
Blood consists of water and its dissolved solutes (55% of the whole blood volume)
Composed of cells or formed elements, erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes (45%)
What are the (3) components of plasma (clear, yellowish fluid remaining after cells removed)
- Albumin
- Antibodies
- Fibrinogen (clotting)
What is left after cells and fibrinogen are removed?
Serum Fluid
Where do RBC originate from?
Red Bone Marrow
flat and irregular bones, ribs, vertebrae, sternum and pelvis
Blood cells develop from where?
Single Stem Cells, differentiate, then mature into specialized functional cells
Indicates the proportions of specific types of WBC’s in the blood assists in making a diagnosis.
Differential Count
Bacteria infection or Inflammatory condition has a increase in what?
Neutrophils
Allergic reaction has an increase in what?
Eosinophil
Includes total RCS, WBC and platelet counts ad morphology
CBC- Complete blood count
Aid in blood clotting process by sticking to damaged tissue or to each other
Thrombocytes (platelets)
True or False
Men have a lower amount of hematocrit than females
False- Men have a higher number of hematocrit
42-52% and women have 37-47%
What can be an indicator of anemia?
Hematocrit- proportion of cells (erythrocytes) in blood, indicates viscosity of the blood- low RBC count may be indicator of anemia.
Elevated hematocrit can indicate what?
Loss of fluid (dehydration) or excess red blood cells
Low hematocrit can result by?
Blood loss or anemia
Causes a reduction in oxygen transport in the blood due to a decrease in hemoglobin content
Anemia
General signs of Anemia
fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia,
severe: may lead to chest pain
Chronic: may cause heart failure
What are the (5) types of anemia
Iron deficiency- dietary Pernicious- vitamin B12 deficiency Aplastic- damage to bone marrow, Hep c, radiation Sickle Cell- inherited Thalassemia-genetic
Involves the plasma cells (B lymphocytes)
Multiple tumors develop in the vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and skull
Multiple Myeloma
Accounts for 15% of adult leukemia
Peak age is 65
CML-Chronic myelogenous/myloid leukemia
Tends to occur in people age 40 and older, with median age 67
80% of adults with Acute Leukemia have this ( )
Risk Factors: radiation therapy
AML- Acute Myelogenous/myloid leukemia
Blood disorders that cause excessive bleeding
Viral infections or autoimmune reactions Chemotherapy, radiation therapy and cancer Kidney failure, aspirin Vitamin K deficiency Liver Disease Inherited defects
What are the (4) major leukemia’s
- ALL- Acute lymphocytic leukemia
- CLL- Chronic lymphoytic leukemia
- AML- Acute myelogenous/myloid leukemia
- CML- Chronic myelogenous/myloid leukemia
ALL- Acute lymphocytic luekemia
Occurs primarily in young children
80% of children with acute leukemia have ALL
Causes: unknown
Risk Factors: heredity, down syndrome, certain virus
CLL- Chronic lymphocytic luekemia
65 years of age
Risk factor: heredity, no exposure to radiation
Neoplastic disorders involving WBC
Leukemia
Undifferentiated, immature, nonfunctional, large quantities
Leukocytes
Progresses quickly, proliferation of undifferentiated, immature cells in bone marrow
Acute
Slower progression, uncontrolled expansion of mature cells
Chronic
Arise directly or indirectly from hematopietic stem cells
Myelogenous Leukemias
Arise from other cells populating the bone marrow
Lymphocytic Leukemias
