Chapter 11 Lymphatic System HW Flashcards
A thin clear fluid that travels through the body via lymph nodes and vessels
Lymph
What is the purpose of the lymphatic system
- Return excess interstitial fluid and protein to the blood
- Filter and destroy unwanted material from the body fluids
- Initiate an immune response (Ex: lymph nodes become swollen when bacteria are present and when the body produces more lymphocytes to fight an infection)
What is the largest lymphatic organ
Spleen
What are the two types of lymphocytes
- B and T cells
2. Natural killer cells are also considered lymphocytes
How is the Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononucleosis related to Hodgkin lymphoma?
It has been linked, components of Epstein-Barr virus have been found in DNA of the Reed-Sternberg cells of some patients with Hodgkin’s
Does having HIV increase one’s risk of getting Hodgkin Lymphoma
YES
Does having a sibling with Hodgkin lymphoma increases one’s risk getting Hodgkin lymphoma
YES
What is Waldyer ring
The tonsillar lymphatic tissue that surrounds the nasopharynx and oropharynx
What are the functions of the spleen?
- Defense, hematopiesis, and red blood cell and platelet destruction, as well as serving as a reservoir for blood. Recycles red blood cells and houses lymphocytes that help contest certain types of bacteria
Which Hodgkin Lymphoma represents the description: A, B, E, S
- The patient does not have B symptoms
- The patient has B symptoms
- Extranodal disease is present
- Disease is found in the spleen
- A
- B
- E
- S
What is the primary treatment for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma
Chemo
How are the areas treated:
Mantle Field-
Neck, chest, axilla
How are the areas treated:
Para-aortic field
Para aortic lymph nodes and spleen
How are the areas treated:
Inverted Y field
Pelvic lymph nodes and para aortic lymph nodes
What is TNI
Total Nodal Irradiation- treating the mantle, para aortic and inverted Y fields together
What is akimbo
Hands on hips with elbows turned outward
What is subtotal nodal irradiation
Treatment of the mantle and abdominal (para aortic, spleen) fields without the pelvic portion
What is oophoropexy?
A procedure that moves the ovaries midline or laterally to minimize exposure to radiation during radiation therapy treatment
Which cell type (B or T) does Non-Hodgkin lymphoma most often affect? What percentage are of this cell type?
B Cell
85%
Which cell type (B or T) does Hodgkin lymphoma most often affect
T Cell
What type of treatment do patients get if chemo and or radiation fail?
Autologous Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplants
What is the function of the Thymus
It is the final site of lymphocyte development before birth and secretion of hormones after birth, which enables lymphocytes to develop into mature T cells which attacks foreign or abnormal cell.
Where is the thoracic duct located?
Upper abdomen and thoracic cavity
What is lymphedema
Condition on which the tissues in the extremities swell due to obstruction of the lymphatic vessels and the subsequent accumulation of lymph.
What are the two main ducts that lymph empties into; from which parts of the body does this lymph come from;
Right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct are the two main ducts, the vessels from the upper right quadrant of the body empty into the lymphatic duct which returns the lymph into the general circulation via the right subclavian vein and the remainder of the lymphatic vessels drain into the thoracic duct which returns the lymph into the general circulation via the left subclavian vein
What is multiple myeloma
A neoplastic disease of unknown etiology occurring in older in older adults and involving the plasma cells. An increase number of malignant plasma cells replace the bone marrow and erode the bone. Multiple tumors with bone destruction develop in the vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and skull.
