Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

nose structures

A

vestibule
respiratory region
olfactory region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pharynx structures

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

larynx epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous above vocal folds, pseudostratified ciliated columnar below the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

trachea epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar, contains cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nasopharynx epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar, contains cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

oropharynx epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

laryngopharynx epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vestibule epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

main bronchi epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lobar bronchi epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

segmental bronchi epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

larger bronchioles epithelium

A

simple ciliated columnar with cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

smaller bronchioles epithelium

A

simple ciliated columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

terminal bronchioles epithelium

A

nonciliated simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

respiratory bronchioles epithelium

A

simple cuboidal to simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aleolar ducts epithelium

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

alveoli epithelium

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

respiratory divisions

A

structural: upper and lower
function: conducting zone, respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

upper respiratory system

A

oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lower respiratory system

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

air moving through the upper respiratory system must be…

A

warmed, filtered and moistened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nasopharynx

A

separated from oral cavity by soft palate, has pharyngeal tonsil on posterior wall and eustachian tube on laterla wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

oropharynx

A

from soft palate to base on tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

laryngopharynx

A

between hyoid bone and entrance to esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fauces

A

narrow passageway from mouth to pharynx between the tongue and soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

soft palate

A

forms posterior part of the roof of the mouth, arch shaped muscular partition between naso and oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

tonsils

A

pharyngeal (1)
palatine (2)
lingual (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

larynx

A

connects laryngopharynx with trachea, 9 pieces of cartilage, contains vocal cords, ligaments and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cuneiform cartilages

A

elastic cartilages anterior to corniculate cartilages at lateral aspect of the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

has laryngeal prominence, anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

inferior to thyroid, ring that is wider on posterior side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ligament that goes from cricoid to thyroid cartilage

A

cricothyroid ligament

33
Q

cricoid cartilage to trachea

A

cricotracheal ligament

34
Q

vestibular folds

A

superior to true vocal folds, no role in sound production, help hold breath against pressure

35
Q

arytenoid cartilage

A

2, posterior and attachment to vocal folds

36
Q

corniculate cartilage

A

2, superior to arytenoid, sit right on top of them

37
Q

thyroid cartilage to hyoid

A

thyrohoid membrane

38
Q

epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage flap that covers trachea during swallowing when larynx is raised

39
Q

steps of swallowing (degultition)

A

1) tongue forces bolus into oropharynx
2) laryngeal movement folds epiglottis, pharyngeal muscles push bolus into esophagus
3) bolus moves along esophagus, larynx returns to normal position

40
Q

glottis

A

narrow passageway through larynx composed of folds of mucous membrance and the space between the vocal folds

41
Q

rima glottidis

A

space between vocal folds

42
Q

true vocal folds

A

elastic ligaments stretched between larynx

43
Q

abduction to vocal folds

A

done by posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, low pitch

44
Q

adduction to vocal folds

A

done by lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, high pitch

45
Q

how do the vocal folds move?

A

intrinsic muscle of the larynx pull on the arytenoid cartilages which causes the cartilage to pivot and slide and thus ab/adduct the vocal folds.

46
Q

carina

A

division of trachea into right and left primary bronchi

47
Q

purpose of cartilaginous rings of trachea

A

prevent collapse/overexpansion as pressure changes

48
Q

purpose of c-shape of cartilaginous rings of trachea

A

room for esophagus

49
Q

trachealis muscle

A

smooth muscle, changes diameter of trachea, posterior portion of trachea

50
Q

branching of bronchial tree

A
  1. trachea
  2. primary bronchi
  3. secondary (lobar) bronchi
  4. segmental bronchi
  5. bronchioles
  6. terminal bronchioles
51
Q

what happens as you move inferiorly into the smaller bronchi?

A

more smooth muscle and less cartilage

52
Q

bronchioles

A

contraction of bronchiole smooth muscle constricts lumen and reduces air flow

53
Q

what does the sympathetic nervous system do in breathing?

A

relaxes bronchiole smooth muscle to increase air flow

54
Q

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do in breathing?

A

causes constriction of bronchiole to decrease air flow

55
Q

airway dilation

A

bronchodilation

56
Q

apex of lung

A

superior to medial 1/3 of the clavicle

57
Q

base of lung

A

extends from 6th costal cartilage anteriorly to 12th rib posteriorly

58
Q

pleural membrane

A

double layer serous membrane= 1) parietal 2) visceral

pressure is below atmospheric and lung pressure so lung is always open

59
Q

right lung

A

3 lobes-superior, middle, and inferior, broader and thicker than left

60
Q

left lung

A

2 lobes-superior and inferior, longer than right, cardiac notch for heart

61
Q

hilum

A

contains bronchi, pulmonary veins and arteries, lymphatic vessels, veins. held together by the pleura and CT and form the root of the lung

62
Q

bronchopulmonary segments

A

RL has 3 lobar bronchi and LL has 2 lobar bronchi, both have 10 segmental bronchi

63
Q

lobules of bronchopulmonary segment

A

composed of lymphatic vessel, arteriole, venule, branch of a terminal bronchiole

64
Q

terminal bronchioles divide into..

A

alveolar ducts-alveolar sacs-alveoli (gas exchange occurs here)

65
Q

type II alveolar cell (septal cell)

A

secrete surfactant-reduces friction

66
Q

type I alveolar cell

A

simple squamous cell

67
Q

alveolar macrophage

A

dust cell

68
Q

interstitial space

A

elastic fibers allow recoil

69
Q

muscles for inhalation

A

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, external intercostals and diaphragm

70
Q

muscles for expiration

A

internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis (active only!! passive just uses recoil of inspiration muscles)

71
Q

DRG

A

dorsal respiratory group: activates phrenic and intercostal nerves during quiet breathing, part of medullary respiratory center

72
Q

VRG

A

ventral respiratory group: involved in active inspiration/exhalation, part of medullary respiratory center

73
Q

pontine group

A

thought to modify DRG when sleeping, speaking, exercising, etc., part of respiratory center

74
Q

Pre-Botzinger Complex

A

thought to generate rhythm of breathing, pacemaker for DRG possibly, part of medullary respiratory center

75
Q

Normal quiet breathing: DRG inactive

A

diaphragm and external intercostals become less active and relax, followed by the elastic recoil of lungs, results in normal quiet exhalation

76
Q

Normal quiet breathing: DRG active

A

diaphragm contracts and external intercostals contract during their most active phase, results in normal quiet inhalation

77
Q

Forceful breathing: inhalation

A

DRG activates VRG and the accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid, scalenem and pectoralis minor) of inhalation contract
DRG also causes diaphragm and external intercostals to contract

78
Q

Forceful breathing: exhalation

A

VRG causes accessory muscles of exhalation (internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis)to contract

79
Q

chemoreceptors

A

have sensory neurons that detect levels of CO2, H+, and O2; located in the medulla and aortic (central) and carotid (peripheral) bodies. when levels of CO2, H+ increase or O2 decreases they increase respiration rate/depth

Anatomy (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions