Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

nose structures

A

vestibule
respiratory region
olfactory region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pharynx structures

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

larynx epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous above vocal folds, pseudostratified ciliated columnar below the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

trachea epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar, contains cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nasopharynx epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar, contains cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

oropharynx epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

laryngopharynx epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vestibule epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

main bronchi epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lobar bronchi epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

segmental bronchi epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

larger bronchioles epithelium

A

simple ciliated columnar with cilia and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

smaller bronchioles epithelium

A

simple ciliated columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

terminal bronchioles epithelium

A

nonciliated simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

respiratory bronchioles epithelium

A

simple cuboidal to simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aleolar ducts epithelium

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

alveoli epithelium

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

respiratory divisions

A

structural: upper and lower
function: conducting zone, respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

upper respiratory system

A

oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lower respiratory system

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

air moving through the upper respiratory system must be…

A

warmed, filtered and moistened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nasopharynx

A

separated from oral cavity by soft palate, has pharyngeal tonsil on posterior wall and eustachian tube on laterla wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

oropharynx

A

from soft palate to base on tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

laryngopharynx

A

between hyoid bone and entrance to esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
fauces
narrow passageway from mouth to pharynx between the tongue and soft palate
26
soft palate
forms posterior part of the roof of the mouth, arch shaped muscular partition between naso and oropharynx
27
tonsils
pharyngeal (1) palatine (2) lingual (2)
28
larynx
connects laryngopharynx with trachea, 9 pieces of cartilage, contains vocal cords, ligaments and muscles
29
cuneiform cartilages
elastic cartilages anterior to corniculate cartilages at lateral aspect of the epiglottis
30
thyroid cartilage
has laryngeal prominence, anterior
31
cricoid cartilage
inferior to thyroid, ring that is wider on posterior side
32
ligament that goes from cricoid to thyroid cartilage
cricothyroid ligament
33
cricoid cartilage to trachea
cricotracheal ligament
34
vestibular folds
superior to true vocal folds, no role in sound production, help hold breath against pressure
35
arytenoid cartilage
2, posterior and attachment to vocal folds
36
corniculate cartilage
2, superior to arytenoid, sit right on top of them
37
thyroid cartilage to hyoid
thyrohoid membrane
38
epiglottis
elastic cartilage flap that covers trachea during swallowing when larynx is raised
39
steps of swallowing (degultition)
1) tongue forces bolus into oropharynx 2) laryngeal movement folds epiglottis, pharyngeal muscles push bolus into esophagus 3) bolus moves along esophagus, larynx returns to normal position
40
glottis
narrow passageway through larynx composed of folds of mucous membrance and the space between the vocal folds
41
rima glottidis
space between vocal folds
42
true vocal folds
elastic ligaments stretched between larynx
43
abduction to vocal folds
done by posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, low pitch
44
adduction to vocal folds
done by lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, high pitch
45
how do the vocal folds move?
intrinsic muscle of the larynx pull on the arytenoid cartilages which causes the cartilage to pivot and slide and thus ab/adduct the vocal folds.
46
carina
division of trachea into right and left primary bronchi
47
purpose of cartilaginous rings of trachea
prevent collapse/overexpansion as pressure changes
48
purpose of c-shape of cartilaginous rings of trachea
room for esophagus
49
trachealis muscle
smooth muscle, changes diameter of trachea, posterior portion of trachea
50
branching of bronchial tree
1. trachea 2. primary bronchi 3. secondary (lobar) bronchi 4. segmental bronchi 5. bronchioles 6. terminal bronchioles
51
what happens as you move inferiorly into the smaller bronchi?
more smooth muscle and less cartilage
52
bronchioles
contraction of bronchiole smooth muscle constricts lumen and reduces air flow
53
what does the sympathetic nervous system do in breathing?
relaxes bronchiole smooth muscle to increase air flow
54
what does the parasympathetic nervous system do in breathing?
causes constriction of bronchiole to decrease air flow
55
airway dilation
bronchodilation
56
apex of lung
superior to medial 1/3 of the clavicle
57
base of lung
extends from 6th costal cartilage anteriorly to 12th rib posteriorly
58
pleural membrane
double layer serous membrane= 1) parietal 2) visceral | pressure is below atmospheric and lung pressure so lung is always open
59
right lung
3 lobes-superior, middle, and inferior, broader and thicker than left
60
left lung
2 lobes-superior and inferior, longer than right, cardiac notch for heart
61
hilum
contains bronchi, pulmonary veins and arteries, lymphatic vessels, veins. held together by the pleura and CT and form the root of the lung
62
bronchopulmonary segments
RL has 3 lobar bronchi and LL has 2 lobar bronchi, both have 10 segmental bronchi
63
lobules of bronchopulmonary segment
composed of lymphatic vessel, arteriole, venule, branch of a terminal bronchiole
64
terminal bronchioles divide into..
alveolar ducts-alveolar sacs-alveoli (gas exchange occurs here)
65
type II alveolar cell (septal cell)
secrete surfactant-reduces friction
66
type I alveolar cell
simple squamous cell
67
alveolar macrophage
dust cell
68
interstitial space
elastic fibers allow recoil
69
muscles for inhalation
sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, external intercostals and diaphragm
70
muscles for expiration
internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis (active only!! passive just uses recoil of inspiration muscles)
71
DRG
dorsal respiratory group: activates phrenic and intercostal nerves during quiet breathing, part of medullary respiratory center
72
VRG
ventral respiratory group: involved in active inspiration/exhalation, part of medullary respiratory center
73
pontine group
thought to modify DRG when sleeping, speaking, exercising, etc., part of respiratory center
74
Pre-Botzinger Complex
thought to generate rhythm of breathing, pacemaker for DRG possibly, part of medullary respiratory center
75
Normal quiet breathing: DRG inactive
diaphragm and external intercostals become less active and relax, followed by the elastic recoil of lungs, results in normal quiet exhalation
76
Normal quiet breathing: DRG active
diaphragm contracts and external intercostals contract during their most active phase, results in normal quiet inhalation
77
Forceful breathing: inhalation
DRG activates VRG and the accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid, scalenem and pectoralis minor) of inhalation contract DRG also causes diaphragm and external intercostals to contract
78
Forceful breathing: exhalation
VRG causes accessory muscles of exhalation (internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis)to contract
79
chemoreceptors
have sensory neurons that detect levels of CO2, H+, and O2; located in the medulla and aortic (central) and carotid (peripheral) bodies. when levels of CO2, H+ increase or O2 decreases they increase respiration rate/depth

Anatomy (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions