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Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

which bones make up the pectoral girdle (appendicular only)

A

scapula (posterior) +clavicle (anterior)

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2
Q

structures of clavicle

A

1) sternal end

2) acromial end

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3
Q

sternal end

A

clavicle; rounded, articulates with manubrium of sternum, attachment for pectoralis major muscle

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4
Q

acromial end

A

clavicle; flat and broad, articulates with acromion,

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5
Q

structures of scapula

A

1) coracoid process
2) infraspinous fossa
3) glenoid cavity
4) subscapular fossa
5) supraspinous fossa
6) acromion
7) supraglenoid and infraglenoid cavity
8) teres minor
9) spine

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6
Q

coracoid process

A

scapula; anterior, attachment for biceps brachii

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7
Q

acromion

A

scapula; clavicle articulation, trapezius and deltoid muscle attachment

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8
Q

subscapular fossa

A

scapula; subscapularis muscle attachment (only anterior muscle on scapula)- lesser tubercle of humerus

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9
Q

spine

A

scapula; trapezius attachment, attached to acromion

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10
Q

supraspinous fossa

A

scapula; supraspinatus muscle (rotator cuff muscle)- greater tubercle of humerus

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11
Q

infraspinous fossa

A

scapula; infraspinatus muscle (rotator cuff muscle)- greater tubercle of humerus

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12
Q

glenoid cavity

A

scapula; lateral, articulates with head of humerus, shallow cavity, has labrum

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13
Q

labrum

A

fibrocartilage for stabilization of joints, donut ring

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14
Q

supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles

A

scapula; muscle attachments= supra: biceps brachii, infra: long portion of triceps muscle

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15
Q

teres minor

A

scapula; lateral side of scapula, articulation with greater tubercle of the humerus

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16
Q

bones of the upper extremity

A

humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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17
Q

humerus

A

longest bone of the upper extremity, proximal articulation with scapula and distal articulation with radius and ulna

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18
Q

humerus structures

A

1) head
2) intertubercular sulcus
3) medial and lateral epicondyles
4) coronoid fossa
5) greater and lesser tubercles
6) olecranon fossa
7) body/shaft
8) condyle
9) capitulum
10) deltoid tuberosity
11) anatomical/surgical neck
12) radial groove
13) trochlea

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19
Q

greater and lesser tubercles

A

humerus; rotator cuff muscle attachment

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20
Q

intertubercular sulcus

A

humerus; attachment for biceps brachii tendon

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21
Q

head (humerus)

A

humerus; articulates with glenoid cavity, labrum=synovial joint, very mobile but not very stable

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22
Q

anatomical neck

A

humerus; below head, above tubercles, distal end of synovial joint capsule

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23
Q

surgical neck

A

humerus; lots of blood vessels and nerves, easily fractured, metaphysis of bone=epiphyseal plate

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24
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A

humerus; deltoid muscle insertion, begins at acromion

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25
medial and lateral epicondyles
humerus; m: ulnar colateral ligament (flexor of wrist) l: radial colateral ligament (extends wrist) both stabilize wrist
26
trochlea
humerus; articulates with ulna (medial)
27
capitulum
humerus; articulates with radius (lateral)
28
condyle
humerus; capitulum+trochlea
29
coronoid fossa
articulates with coronoid process when ulna is flexed
30
olecranon fossa
articulates with olecranon when arm is extended
31
ulna
head=distal, medial
32
ulna structures
1) olencranon 2) trochlear notch 3) coronoid process 4) styloid process
33
olecranon
ulna; elbow, insertion of triceps brachii
34
trochlear notch
ulna; articulation with trochlea
35
coronoid process
ulna; articulates with fossa of humerus, attachment for brachialis muscle
36
styloid process (ulna)
ulna; medial, ulna colateral ligament, extensor carpi ulnaris
37
radius
head=proximal, articulates with capitulum, distal extremity articulates with scaphoid and lunate
38
radius structures
1) styloid process | 2) radial tuberosity
39
styloid process (radius)
radius; lateral, radio colateral ligament (extension of wrist), brachioradialis
40
radial tuberosity
radius; insertion of biceps brachii (flexes forearm)
41
carpal bones
scaphoid (radius), lunate (radius), triquetrium, pisiform (on top of triquetrium), trapezium (thumb), trapezoid, capitate, hamate
42
metacarpals
named lateral to medial (I-IV)
43
phalanges
28 bones, proximal-middle-distal (thumbs only have proximal and distal)
44
bones of pelvic girdle
aka: os coxa 1) ilium=largest and articulates with sacrum (sacroiliac joints=synovial, glide, slightly movable) 2) ischium: strongest 3) pubis 4) acetabulum: hip joint-articular and hyaline cartilage; labrum; highly movable, articulation with head of femur
45
greater pelvis
superior to iliopectineal line; encloses organs in inferior abdominal cavity; contains iliac crest; above pelvic brim
46
lesser pelvis
below iliopectineal line; ridge of lesser pelvis forms the pelvic brim=entrance into pelvic cavity
47
4 lines of pelvic brim
sacral promontory arcuate line (iliopectineal line) pectineal line (iliopectineal line) pubic symphysis
48
space in pelvic brim
pelvic inlet (boundaries of pelvic cavity)
49
perineum
muscles on floor of pelvic cavity that support enclosed organs
50
gender differences in pelvis (woman)
1) greater pelvic outlet 2) less anterior curvature of sacrum 3) movable coccyx 4) pubic angle 100 degrees or more, males<90 degrees 5) wider and more circular pelvic inlet
51
ilium structures
1) greater sciatic notch 2) iliac crest 3) iliac fossa 4) posterior/inferior/anterior lines
52
greater sciatic notch
ilium; sciatic nerve-en route to thigh
53
iliac crest
ilium; gluteus maximus and medius muscle attachment
54
iliac fossa
ilium; abdominal organ support, origin of iliacus muscle (hip flexor)
55
posterior/inferior/anterior lines
ilium; origin of gluteus minimus and medius
56
ischium structure
ischium tuberosity: origin of semimembranosis muscle and semitendonosis=2 hamstring muscles
57
pubis
pubic symphysis: 1 of 4 pelvic brim lines, fibrocartilage
58
lower extremity bones
femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
59
femur structures
1) medial and lateral epicondyles 2) medial and lateral condyles 3) patellar surface 4) intercondylar fossa 5) gluteal tuberosity 6) body/shaft 7) neck 8) greater and lesser trochanters 9) head 10) linea aspera
60
medial and lateral epicondyles (femur)
femur; MCL and LCL- stabilize knee joint; popliteus attachment
61
medial and lateral condyles
femur; articulate with weight bearing condyles of tibia
62
patellar surface
femur; medial and lateral epicondyles articulate
63
intercondylar fossa
ligament in joint capsule; ACL and PCL attachment
64
gluteal tuberosity
femur; insertion of gluteus maximus-thigh extension; (runs from from iliac crest to here)
65
body/shaft (femur)
lateral bow=Ricket's if exaggerated, deficiency in phosphate, calcium, or vitamin D
66
neck (femur)
connects body to head
67
head
fovia (shallow depression) for ligament of femoral head, head goes into acetabulum
68
linea aspera
hip adductor insertion (movement towards body)
69
patella
protects knee joint, strengthens quadriceps tendon and maintains tendon's position when bent; sesamoid bone: intramembranous ossification of tendon of quadriceps femoralis muscle
70
fibula
lateral and little, not weight bearing
71
fibula structures
1) head: articulates with tibia | 2) lateral malleus: stabilizes ankle joint-synovial joint
72
tibia structures
1) medial and lateral condyles 2) tibial tuberosity 3) popliteal/soleal line 4) anterior margin/crest 5) medial malleolus
73
medial and lateral condyles (tibia)
articulates with medial and lateral condyles of femur
74
tibial tuberosity
popliteal ligament and quadriceps tendon
75
popliteal/soleal line
back, insertion of popliteal muscle and soleus origin
76
anterior margin/crest
tibia; deep fascia of leg attaches here
77
medial malleolus
stabilizes ankle joint; talocrural joint; articulates with talus; mediodeltoid ligament attachment
78
tarsals
talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, intermediate medial and lateral cuneiform
79
metatarsals
labeled medial to lateral 1-5
80
phalanges(foot)
28, proximal-middle-distal, hallux doesn't have middle
81
arches
transverse runs lateral to medial 1) pes planus: flat feet, tendons and ligaments break down and arch falls 2) longitudinal: weight bearing (tibia-talus-calcaneus-metatarsals) 3) ligaments and tendons attach calcaneus to metatarsal bones
82
synarthrosis
no movement permitted, bony edges come together and may interlock; ex: cranial bones
83
amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable, between bones of leg (distally)
84
diarthrosis
freely moveable, bony surfaces do not directly connect one another due to articular cartilage
85
fibrous joints
dense irregular CT in between neighboring bones
86
cartilaginous joints
little or no movement, connected with hyaline or fibrocartilage
87
synovial joints
bony surfaces don't touch, articular capsule
88
synovial cavity
filled with synovial fluid- transfers nutrients and such to chondrocytes since cartilage is avascular
89
flexion
decreases angle between articulating bones
90
extension
increases angle between articulating bones
91
hyperextension
extension beyond anatomical position
92
circumduction
combination of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction, and rotation at the same joint
93
plane joint
mostly gliding movements-sternocostal, intercapral, sternoclavicular, vertebrocostal
94
hinge joint
knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal

Anatomy (26 decks)

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