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Anatomy > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

which bones make up the pectoral girdle (appendicular only)

A

scapula (posterior) +clavicle (anterior)

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2
Q

structures of clavicle

A

1) sternal end

2) acromial end

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3
Q

sternal end

A

clavicle; rounded, articulates with manubrium of sternum, attachment for pectoralis major muscle

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4
Q

acromial end

A

clavicle; flat and broad, articulates with acromion,

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5
Q

structures of scapula

A

1) coracoid process
2) infraspinous fossa
3) glenoid cavity
4) subscapular fossa
5) supraspinous fossa
6) acromion
7) supraglenoid and infraglenoid cavity
8) teres minor
9) spine

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6
Q

coracoid process

A

scapula; anterior, attachment for biceps brachii

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7
Q

acromion

A

scapula; clavicle articulation, trapezius and deltoid muscle attachment

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8
Q

subscapular fossa

A

scapula; subscapularis muscle attachment (only anterior muscle on scapula)- lesser tubercle of humerus

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9
Q

spine

A

scapula; trapezius attachment, attached to acromion

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10
Q

supraspinous fossa

A

scapula; supraspinatus muscle (rotator cuff muscle)- greater tubercle of humerus

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11
Q

infraspinous fossa

A

scapula; infraspinatus muscle (rotator cuff muscle)- greater tubercle of humerus

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12
Q

glenoid cavity

A

scapula; lateral, articulates with head of humerus, shallow cavity, has labrum

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13
Q

labrum

A

fibrocartilage for stabilization of joints, donut ring

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14
Q

supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles

A

scapula; muscle attachments= supra: biceps brachii, infra: long portion of triceps muscle

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15
Q

teres minor

A

scapula; lateral side of scapula, articulation with greater tubercle of the humerus

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16
Q

bones of the upper extremity

A

humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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17
Q

humerus

A

longest bone of the upper extremity, proximal articulation with scapula and distal articulation with radius and ulna

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18
Q

humerus structures

A

1) head
2) intertubercular sulcus
3) medial and lateral epicondyles
4) coronoid fossa
5) greater and lesser tubercles
6) olecranon fossa
7) body/shaft
8) condyle
9) capitulum
10) deltoid tuberosity
11) anatomical/surgical neck
12) radial groove
13) trochlea

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19
Q

greater and lesser tubercles

A

humerus; rotator cuff muscle attachment

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20
Q

intertubercular sulcus

A

humerus; attachment for biceps brachii tendon

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21
Q

head (humerus)

A

humerus; articulates with glenoid cavity, labrum=synovial joint, very mobile but not very stable

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22
Q

anatomical neck

A

humerus; below head, above tubercles, distal end of synovial joint capsule

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23
Q

surgical neck

A

humerus; lots of blood vessels and nerves, easily fractured, metaphysis of bone=epiphyseal plate

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24
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A

humerus; deltoid muscle insertion, begins at acromion

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25
Q

medial and lateral epicondyles

A

humerus; m: ulnar colateral ligament (flexor of wrist)
l: radial colateral ligament (extends wrist)
both stabilize wrist

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26
Q

trochlea

A

humerus; articulates with ulna (medial)

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27
Q

capitulum

A

humerus; articulates with radius (lateral)

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28
Q

condyle

A

humerus; capitulum+trochlea

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29
Q

coronoid fossa

A

articulates with coronoid process when ulna is flexed

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30
Q

olecranon fossa

A

articulates with olecranon when arm is extended

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31
Q

ulna

A

head=distal, medial

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32
Q

ulna structures

A

1) olencranon
2) trochlear notch
3) coronoid process
4) styloid process

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33
Q

olecranon

A

ulna; elbow, insertion of triceps brachii

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34
Q

trochlear notch

A

ulna; articulation with trochlea

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35
Q

coronoid process

A

ulna; articulates with fossa of humerus, attachment for brachialis muscle

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36
Q

styloid process (ulna)

A

ulna; medial, ulna colateral ligament, extensor carpi ulnaris

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37
Q

radius

A

head=proximal, articulates with capitulum, distal extremity articulates with scaphoid and lunate

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38
Q

radius structures

A

1) styloid process

2) radial tuberosity

39
Q

styloid process (radius)

A

radius; lateral, radio colateral ligament (extension of wrist), brachioradialis

40
Q

radial tuberosity

A

radius; insertion of biceps brachii (flexes forearm)

41
Q

carpal bones

A

scaphoid (radius), lunate (radius), triquetrium, pisiform (on top of triquetrium), trapezium (thumb), trapezoid, capitate, hamate

42
Q

metacarpals

A

named lateral to medial (I-IV)

43
Q

phalanges

A

28 bones, proximal-middle-distal (thumbs only have proximal and distal)

44
Q

bones of pelvic girdle

A

aka: os coxa
1) ilium=largest and articulates with sacrum (sacroiliac joints=synovial, glide, slightly movable)
2) ischium: strongest
3) pubis
4) acetabulum: hip joint-articular and hyaline cartilage; labrum; highly movable, articulation with head of femur

45
Q

greater pelvis

A

superior to iliopectineal line; encloses organs in inferior abdominal cavity; contains iliac crest; above pelvic brim

46
Q

lesser pelvis

A

below iliopectineal line; ridge of lesser pelvis forms the pelvic brim=entrance into pelvic cavity

47
Q

4 lines of pelvic brim

A

sacral promontory
arcuate line (iliopectineal line)
pectineal line (iliopectineal line)
pubic symphysis

48
Q

space in pelvic brim

A

pelvic inlet (boundaries of pelvic cavity)

49
Q

perineum

A

muscles on floor of pelvic cavity that support enclosed organs

50
Q

gender differences in pelvis (woman)

A

1) greater pelvic outlet
2) less anterior curvature of sacrum
3) movable coccyx
4) pubic angle 100 degrees or more, males<90 degrees
5) wider and more circular pelvic inlet

51
Q

ilium structures

A

1) greater sciatic notch
2) iliac crest
3) iliac fossa
4) posterior/inferior/anterior lines

52
Q

greater sciatic notch

A

ilium; sciatic nerve-en route to thigh

53
Q

iliac crest

A

ilium; gluteus maximus and medius muscle attachment

54
Q

iliac fossa

A

ilium; abdominal organ support, origin of iliacus muscle (hip flexor)

55
Q

posterior/inferior/anterior lines

A

ilium; origin of gluteus minimus and medius

56
Q

ischium structure

A

ischium tuberosity: origin of semimembranosis muscle and semitendonosis=2 hamstring muscles

57
Q

pubis

A

pubic symphysis: 1 of 4 pelvic brim lines, fibrocartilage

58
Q

lower extremity bones

A

femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

59
Q

femur structures

A

1) medial and lateral epicondyles
2) medial and lateral condyles
3) patellar surface
4) intercondylar fossa
5) gluteal tuberosity
6) body/shaft
7) neck
8) greater and lesser trochanters
9) head
10) linea aspera

60
Q

medial and lateral epicondyles (femur)

A

femur; MCL and LCL- stabilize knee joint; popliteus attachment

61
Q

medial and lateral condyles

A

femur; articulate with weight bearing condyles of tibia

62
Q

patellar surface

A

femur; medial and lateral epicondyles articulate

63
Q

intercondylar fossa

A

ligament in joint capsule; ACL and PCL attachment

64
Q

gluteal tuberosity

A

femur; insertion of gluteus maximus-thigh extension; (runs from from iliac crest to here)

65
Q

body/shaft (femur)

A

lateral bow=Ricket’s if exaggerated, deficiency in phosphate, calcium, or vitamin D

66
Q

neck (femur)

A

connects body to head

67
Q

head

A

fovia (shallow depression) for ligament of femoral head, head goes into acetabulum

68
Q

linea aspera

A

hip adductor insertion (movement towards body)

69
Q

patella

A

protects knee joint, strengthens quadriceps tendon and maintains tendon’s position when bent; sesamoid bone: intramembranous ossification of tendon of quadriceps femoralis muscle

70
Q

fibula

A

lateral and little, not weight bearing

71
Q

fibula structures

A

1) head: articulates with tibia

2) lateral malleus: stabilizes ankle joint-synovial joint

72
Q

tibia structures

A

1) medial and lateral condyles
2) tibial tuberosity
3) popliteal/soleal line
4) anterior margin/crest
5) medial malleolus

73
Q

medial and lateral condyles (tibia)

A

articulates with medial and lateral condyles of femur

74
Q

tibial tuberosity

A

popliteal ligament and quadriceps tendon

75
Q

popliteal/soleal line

A

back, insertion of popliteal muscle and soleus origin

76
Q

anterior margin/crest

A

tibia; deep fascia of leg attaches here

77
Q

medial malleolus

A

stabilizes ankle joint; talocrural joint; articulates with talus; mediodeltoid ligament attachment

78
Q

tarsals

A

talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, intermediate medial and lateral cuneiform

79
Q

metatarsals

A

labeled medial to lateral 1-5

80
Q

phalanges(foot)

A

28, proximal-middle-distal, hallux doesn’t have middle

81
Q

arches

A

transverse runs lateral to medial

1) pes planus: flat feet, tendons and ligaments break down and arch falls
2) longitudinal: weight bearing (tibia-talus-calcaneus-metatarsals)
3) ligaments and tendons attach calcaneus to metatarsal bones

82
Q

synarthrosis

A

no movement permitted, bony edges come together and may interlock; ex: cranial bones

83
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly moveable, between bones of leg (distally)

84
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely moveable, bony surfaces do not directly connect one another due to articular cartilage

85
Q

fibrous joints

A

dense irregular CT in between neighboring bones

86
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

little or no movement, connected with hyaline or fibrocartilage

87
Q

synovial joints

A

bony surfaces don’t touch, articular capsule

88
Q

synovial cavity

A

filled with synovial fluid- transfers nutrients and such to chondrocytes since cartilage is avascular

89
Q

flexion

A

decreases angle between articulating bones

90
Q

extension

A

increases angle between articulating bones

91
Q

hyperextension

A

extension beyond anatomical position

92
Q

circumduction

A

combination of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction, and rotation at the same joint

93
Q

plane joint

A

mostly gliding movements-sternocostal, intercapral, sternoclavicular, vertebrocostal

94
Q

hinge joint

A

knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal

Anatomy (26 decks)

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