Bones

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

Support, Protection, Assistance in movement, Mineral storage and release, Blood cell production, Triglyceride storage

Question 2

long bones

Answer 2

greater length than width
diaphysis and epiphyses
mostly compact bone and some spongy bone
ex: humerus, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 3

short bones

Answer 3

cube shaped
spongy bone (besides the surface)
ex: carpal bones and tarsal bones

Question 4

flat bones

Answer 4

thin and composed of two layers of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone. compact bone= external and internal tables
protection and extensive areas for muscle attachment
ex: cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae

Question 5

sesamoid bones

Answer 5

develop in tendons where there is a considerable friction, compression, and physical stress.
ex: patellae

Question 6

sutural bones

Answer 6

aka wormian bones, small bones within the sutures of certain cranial bones

Question 7

diphysis

Answer 7

bone’s shaft

Question 8

epiphysis

Answer 8

the extremities or the proximal and distal regions of bone

Question 9

metaphyses

Answer 9

between diaphysis and epiphysis

*growing bone houses the epiphyseal plate

Question 10

epiphyseal plate/line

Answer 10

a layer hyaline cartilage that allows diaphysis to grow longitudinally
becomes line after growth in the bone stops

Question 11

articular cartilage

Answer 11

thin layer of hyaline cartilage on epiphysis where bone forms joint
reduces friction

Question 12

periosteum

Answer 12

CT sheath and associated blood supply that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage.
outer fibrous layer
inner fibrous layer

Question 13

medullary cavity

Answer 13

marrow cavity, hollow cylindrical within diaphysis that contains

Question 14

occipital markings

Answer 14

Superior/inferior nuchal lines: connection to trapezius muscles which move the scapulae
Hypoglossal canal: houses hypoglossal nerve (moves tongue)
Occipital condyles: forms atlooccipital joint with atlas=C1
External occipital protuberance: connects ligamentum nuchal to C7
Foramen magnum: spinal cord & blood vessels, vertebral arteries, spinous arteries, accessory XI nerves

Question 15

occipital articulations

Answer 15

parietal bones(2), temporal bones(2), sphenoid

Question 16

frontal markings

Answer 16

Frontal sinus/air cells
Orbital surface: roof of eye socket
Supraorbital foramen: houses supraorbital nerve/blood vessels
Supraorbital margin/ridge: ridge above socket

Question 17

frontal articulations

Answer 17

sphenoid, ethmoid, parietal(2), zygomatic(2), nasal(2), lacrimal(2), maxillae(2)

Question 18

parietal markings

Answer 18

superior/inferior temporal lines: temporalis muscle to elevate mandible
“skull cap”
depressions and protrusions from blood vessels

Question 19

parietal articulations

Answer 19

occipital, frontal, sphenoid, temporal(2)